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Russell: Divergent demand factors are driving China's steel production.

The fact that China's steel production dropped to its lowest level this year in July supports the idea that the world's second largest economy struggles for growth momentum.

As usual, the devil lies in the details. Steel demand is unevenly distributed across the economy.

The world's biggest producer of industrial metal saw its steel output fall to 76.93 metric?tons during July. This is a 3.6% drop from the same period in 2025, and it was the lowest July since 2017. China's first seven months of the year saw a production volume of 577.04 millions tons, down by 3.1% compared to the same period last year.

The market is always looking for the downside, and in the case of steel, this is the construction industry, which is still plagued by overcapacity and weak housing prices, as well as reluctant buyers.

Conditions are important because construction accounts for about a third China's demand for steel.

In July, new home prices were down 0.1% from the month before and 3.2% from a year ago.

The picture is not as bleak if you look at the other two-thirds.

Exports are the?star' of the show. Exports are booming, despite a slowdown in domestic sales, which has now been going on for 10 straight months. July's exports of 1.043 millions units were up by 81.3% compared to the same month last year and was the second consecutive month that shipments exceeded 1 million.

China's exports have generally held up, despite the economic uncertainty caused by the U.S. War against Iran and tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump. Exports in U.S. dollars rose by 23.9% in July, mainly due to shipments of technology and vehicles.

China prioritizes technology industries, such as toys and white goods, over traditional manufacturing sectors like cars.

Overall, China's growth path is becoming more diverse. This will make the outlook for steel more difficult.

EXPORTS?

Exports have been a bright spot for the industry, but they can't be relied on as a constant source of growth in demand, as the 4% drop in steel shipments during the first seven month of the year, to 64.99 millions tons, shows.

The steel industry will likely have to either hope for a stronger stimulus from Beijing in order to spur a recovery of construction or rationalise its capacity.

Steel mills have already struggled to stay afloat. According to data from MySteel, only one-third were profitable by the end of July. This is down from about half at the beginning of June.

Steel inventories have also reached high levels, as reported by SteelHome. At 5,07 million tons during the week ending August 14, this is up from a recent low of 4,67 million tonnes in mid-June, and higher than the 4,11 million tonnes from the same period in 2025.

Steel inventories usually increase until September, after which they tend to decline during the peak construction period that lasts from winter start.

Iron ore prices and imports have not yet reflected the struggles of the steel industry. Instead, the main raw material has shown a?stable to slightly better picture.

China imports 736.84 millions tons of seaborne iron ore in the first seven month of this year, an increase of 6% over the same period of 2025.

Kpler estimates August imports at 111.16 millions tons, up from July's official number of 108.08million.

Since June, iron ore prices are also largely stable between $93-$100 per ton. The Singapore Exchange contract ended at $95.10 Monday.

The iron ore prices are largely a function of the available supply. And the recent steady history shows that the new Simandou Mine in Guinea has a long way to go before it reaches its 120 million tons per year capacity.

China's imports of Guinean gold were only 2.1 million tonnes in July. However, as Simandou ramps up production this could increase. This will lead to a softer price as top producers Australia and Brazil have to compete.

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These are the views of the columnist, an author for.

(source: Reuters)