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India and Southern African Customs bloc renew trade pact discussions

India and the five members of the Southern African Customs Union signed terms-of-reference on Wednesday, to begin talks on a preferred trade agreement. New Delhi is seeking lower tariffs for exports such as cars, pharmaceuticals, and industrial machinery.

After five rounds of talks that ended in 2010 without an agreement, the move brings back India's negotiations with SACU. SACU is made up of South Africa, Botswana Namibia, Lesotho, and Eswatini.

The agreement could be India's first significant trade agreement with a regional African bloc. It would give Indian companies access to 65 million people in Africa while also helping SACU members increase their exports?to the fastest-growing major economies of the world.

The scope, objectives, and procedures of the negotiations are determined by the terms of reference. A preferential trade agreement is different from a comprehensive?free trade agreement because it usually cuts duty on a list of agreed products and less likely to cover services, investments or intellectual property.

South Africa is considering raising the duty on autos imported from India and China from 25% to 50%, which would threaten a major Indian export.

After signing the agreement, Ndiitah Nghipondoka Roberti, executive director of Namibia's Ministry of International Relations and Trade with Yashvir Singh (an additional secretary in India's Trade Ministry), said that these terms would guide negotiators to a "balanced and mutually beneficial agreement oriented towards development."

India's trade minister Piyush Goyal expressed his confidence that SACU and India will "benefit enormously" from an equitable, balanced, and fair agreement which he hopes to finalise within the next few months.

Trade officials and industry representatives have said that India is expected to seek duty concessions on automobiles and auto components, pharmaceuticals, machines, electrical equipment, textiles, and chemicals.

In the fiscal year ending March 2026, India's exports to SACU were $1.7 billion in value. India's exports totaled $7.5 billion to SACU in 2025/26. Imports were $9.2 billion. South Africa accounted for the majority of trade, with Indian exports totaling $7 billion and imports $9.2 billion.

New Delhi also seeks to improve its access to SACU's supply of minerals that are critical for manufacturing, batteries, and clean energy technologies, such as manganese, platinum group metals, and copper. Manoj Kumar is the reporter. (Editing by Alison Williams, Mark Potter and Alison Williams)

(source: Reuters)