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Why India's Tata sons faces pressure to list

Tata Sons is the holding company for 31 group companies, including TCS and Tata Motors. The discussion about going public will likely come up on Saturday at a meeting of two trusts who are major shareholders.

Tata Sons was not listed until now. Tata Sons is under pressure from its 'internal stakeholders', which includes the second-largest shareholder,?Shapoorji Paloonji Group (SP). Reserve Bank of India rules?may? also?require them to list, unless they are able to secure an exemption.

What is the structure of TATA Group?

Tata Sons, the 108-year-old salt-to steel conglomerate, is unique in its structure. A group of philanthropic organizations collectively known as Tata Trusts owns 66%. The SP Group, a construction and infrastructure conglomerate with a lot of debt, holds 18.4%.

Tata Trusts consists of 13 entities. Seven of these directly own shares in Tata Sons. Six trustees are drawn from each of these entities to form the board of Tata Trusts.

Noel Tata is a scion from the founding family and the current chairman of Tata Trusts. He is also a director of Tata Sons.

Who wants TATA Sons to be listed?

There are many pressures to list.

In media interviews, at least two Tata trustees, Venu Srinivasan, and Vijay Singh, have supported the listing. They said that expansion, particularly into new areas such as semiconductors, will require large capital which cannot be generated within the company.

The SP Group is seeking a listing to be able to monetise its holdings, which are not transferable under the current structure. The SP Group is not represented in the board of trustees.

The main pressure comes from the RBI's rules, which require large non-bank lending institutions with assets above certain thresholds and/or public funds to list.

What are the RBI rules and why? Do they apply to TATA Sons?

Tata Sons, as the holding company for a variety of businesses, is classified by the RBI as a core investing company.

According to revised rules released last month, companies with assets greater than 1 trillion rupees (10.45 billion dollars) or those who have direct or indirect access public funds must list.

Tata Sons assets alone stood at 1,75 trillion rupees as of March 2025.

The RBI has the discretion to decide which companies can be exempted from listing.

HAS RBI CLARIFIED IT STANCE?

The RBI has not made a public statement about the new rules, despite the fact that analysts and legal experts claim they make it more difficult for?Tata Sons Ltd. to remain private.

Tata Sons' request for an exemption is currently being reviewed. The company has tried to reduce borrowings as a way to avoid listing. However, it is not clear if this will be enough.

Who is opposing the listing?

Noel Tata did not make any public comments but he has publicly opposed the conversion of Tata Sons to a listed company. Reports in the media claim that Noel Tata and other trustees "unanimously" opposed listing last fall and asked Tata Sons chairman to speak with RBI.

What will happen at the Saturday Board Meeting?

The boards of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Sir Ratan Tata Trust, which together own over 50% of Tata Sons will meet on Saturday.

Discussion of the RBI rules, and their impact on a possible listing is a central item.

Other items include the Tata Trusts increasing its representation on the Tata Sons Board, the reappointment and review of Tata Sons performance.

Street is closely watching the?board, the first meeting since the RBI rules were rewritten, to see how the differences between the trustees on the list of Tata Sons will play out.

According to the Trusts governance norms resolutions pass if majority of trustees votes in favor. If a majority vote of the trustees supports the proposal to list Tata Sons then the company must initiate the listing.

(source: Reuters)