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Caribbean Bets on biofuel, boats and barriers as sargassum piles up

Each day, hundreds of Mexican hotel employees, tractor operators, and Navy personnel with specialized training head out to the beach at dawn to remove massive amounts of rotting seaweed from Caribbean beaches near popular tourist resorts.

Hotels in the Caribbean have slashed rates and invested millions of dollars to remove the foul-smelling algal blooms from their beaches. Governments and businesses are also looking for solutions.

How it all began

Sargassum, a brown seaweed which forms floating'mats' on the ocean surface, was previously confined to the 'Sargasso Sea in?the North Atlantic. However, unusually strong winds in 2010 blew sargassum out into the nutrient rich tropical waters of West Africa where it thrived.

The seaweed that was displaced became a belt of self-sustaining algae, which travelled on ocean currents through the Caribbean and north Brazil, bringing a mass of algae to Caribbean island nations and the Riviera Maya, as well as the Gulf of Mexico.

Sargassum is a tropical Atlantic sargassum that feeds off nutrients from rivers like the Amazon, Orinoco, and Congo, upswells of the deep oceans, Saharan dust, and rising sea temperatures.

WHERE IS IT GOING?

The University of South Florida’s?Optical Oceanography Lab anticipates that 2026 will be the second largest year in terms of sargassum, and more seaweed is likely to accumulate around the Caribbean region and southeastern Florida over the coming months.

Brian Barnes, a research assistant professor at the University's College of Marine Science who works in the laboratory, said that the novelty of this phenomenon and its seasonality make it difficult to predict its future course.

He said that the seaweed's mass could double every five years.

MEXICO RECORD NUMBERS

Mexico is looking to protect the tourist attractions along its Riviera Maya, including Cancun and Tulum, by purchasing more boats for picking up sargassum, and deploying larger barriers off of the coast.

According to data from the government, Mexico has collected 96,151 tons of sargassum this year. This is up from 92783 tons in 2012.

Mara Lezama said at a Thursday press conference that the best way to combat sargassum was to intercept it before it reaches our coastlines.

Federal Mexican officials expect a new open sea sargassum ship to arrive in a month. They are also looking for more ships to be sourced from Japan, and to supply smaller Mexican vessels to Dominican Republic.

CREDITS FOR CARBON

Some companies are attempting to get carbon credits by sending out boats that make bales from sargassum, which releases methane when it decomposes. They then sink these to the ocean floor. However, this practice has raised concern about possible abuses, impacts to deep-sea eco-systems and over-harvesting of offshore clusters.

Barnes explained that it's important to strike a balance, because the sargassum off-shore is a habitat for turtles and other fish. If you want to clean up the Caribbean, you will have many collateral damages.

Barnes stated that many companies contacted him to ask for his advice on carbon credits projects. However, he wasn't convinced they would produce positive results.

When life gives you a sargassum

Sargassum's abundance has prompted a number entrepreneurs to attempt to transform the seaweed into lucrative commercial products or new energy sources. They have overcome challenges, such as safely removing the toxic metals that are absorbed by the algae.

Alicia Barcena, the Environment Minister, said that out of 200 projects, at least 11 could be industrialized and 39 are already producing products. These include fuel, bioplastics, laminates, and fertilizers.

Felix Navarrete is an executive with sargassum refiner Carbonwave. He said that his company already sold fertilizer overseas and after receiving regulatory approval from Mexico's sanitation watchdog was now looking to market to local farmers.

Carbonwave is also interested in supplying materials to the textile and cosmetic sectors. Quintana Roo's state government plans to expand a Cancun biofuel?plant.

What's Next?

The Caribbean Government and Industry Leaders have warned about the severity of the crisis. They also encourage tourists to continue visiting their beaches, make the most out of their vacations and stay up-to-date by choosing less affected areas.

Mexico will host a conference in Cancun in early October, which is a joint European Union and Caribbean conference on Sargassum. Representatives from both regions will discuss ways to increase sargassum collections while protecting coral reefs and beaches. (Reporting and editing by Tom Hogue; Sarah Morland)

(source: Reuters)