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South Korea's mountain of plastic waste reveals limits of recycling

South Korea has actually won global praise for its recycling efforts, however as it prepares to host talks for a global plastic waste contract, specialists say the country's method highlights its limitations.

When the talks referred to as INC-5 start in Busan next week, dispute is anticipated to centre around whether a U.N. treaty ought to seek to restrict the amount of plastic being made in the very first place.

Opponents of such a technique, consisting of significant plastic and petrochemical manufacturers like Saudi Arabia and China, have argued in previous rounds that nations ought to focus on less controversial topics, such as plastic waste management.

South Korea says that it recycles 73% of its plastic waste, compared to about 5% -6% in the United States, and the nation might appear to be a design for a waste management approach.

The bi-monthly MIT Technology Evaluation magazine has ranked South Korea as among the world's finest recycling economies, and the only Asian nation out of the leading 10 on its Green Future Index in 2022.

But ecological activists and members of the waste management market say the recycling numbers do not inform the entire story.

South Korea's declared rate of 73% is an incorrect number, since it just counts plastic waste that reached the recycling screening center - whether it is recycled, incinerated, or landfilled later, we do not know, stated Seo Hee-won, a scientist at regional activist group Climate Change Center.

Greenpeace estimates South Korea recycles only 27% of its overall plastic waste. The environment ministry states the definition of waste, recycling techniques and statistical estimation vary from nation to nation, making it hard to examine evenly.

South Korea's plastic waste generation increased from 9.6 million tonnes in 2019 to 12.6 million tonnes in 2022, a 31%. jump in three years partially due to increased plastic packaging of. food, presents and other online orders that mushroomed during the. pandemic, activists said. Information for 2023 has not been released.

A considerable amount of that plastic is not being recycled,. according to market and federal government sources and activists,. in some cases for financial factors.

At a shuttered plastic recycling site in Asan, about 85 km. ( 53 miles) south of Seoul, a mountain of about 19,000 tonnes of. finely ground plastic waste is piled up untreated, emitting a. slightly noxious smell. Local officials stated the owner had run. into money problems, but could not supply information.

It will most likely take more than 2-3 billion won ($ 1.43. million-$ 2.14 million) to remove, said an Asan local. federal government official. The owner is believed not able to pay, so. the cleanup is low concern for us.

Reuters has reported that more than 90% of plastic waste. gets discarded or incinerated since there is no low-cost way to. repurpose it, according to a 2017 study.

NO CONCRETE GOALS

South Korean government's guidelines on single-use plastic. products have also been criticised for being inconsistent. In. November 2023, the environment ministry alleviated limitations on. single-use plastic including straws and bags, rolling back guidelines. it had enhanced just a year earlier.

South Korea lacks concrete goals towards reducing. plastic use outright, and reusing plastic, said Hong Su-yeol,. director of Resource Flow Society and Economy Institute. and an expert on the country's waste management.

Nara Kim, a Seoul-based advocate for plastic usage decrease. at Greenpeace, said South Korea's culture of valuing fancy. product packaging of presents and other items needs to change, while other. activists pointed to the influence of the country's. petrochemical manufacturers.

Business are the ones that pay the money, the taxes, stated. a recycling industry authorities who decreased to be recognized. since of the level of sensitivity of the problem, including that this. enabled them to wield influence. The environment ministry is. the weakest ministry in the government.

The environment ministry said South Korea manages waste. over the entire cycle from generation to recycling and final. disposal.

The government has actually made some transfer to motivate Korea Inc to. recycle, including its petrochemical market that ranks 5th. in global market share.

President Yoon Suk Yeol stated at the G-20 summit on Tuesday. that efforts to lower plastic contamination must also be made for. sustainable development, which his federal government will support. next week's talks.

The federal government has actually altered guidelines to allow companies. like leading petrochemical manufacturer LG Chem to. create naphtha, its primary feedstock, by recycling plastic. via pyrolysis. SK Chemicals' depolymerisation. chemical recycling output has already been utilized in products such. as water bottles as well as tires for high-end EVs.

Pyrolysis includes heating waste plastic to extremely high. temperatures triggering it to break down into molecules that can be. repurposed as a fuel or to produce second-life plastic items. But the process is costly, and there is likewise criticism that it. boosts carbon emissions.

Business have to be behind this, stated Jorg Weberndorfer,. Minister Counsellor at the trade area of the EU Delegation to. South Korea.

You need business who truly believe in this and wish to. have this change. I believe there should be an alliance in between. public authorities and business..

(source: Reuters)