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Animals discovered living underground near deep-sea hydrothermal vents

A deepdiving robotic that sculpted into the rocky Pacific seabed at an area where 2 of the enormous plates making up Earth's external shell meet has uncovered a previously unknown world of animal life prospering underground near hydrothermal vents.

Giant tubeworms - the world's heftiest worms - and other marine invertebrates such as snails and bristle worms were discovered utilizing the from another location operated underwater car SuBastian. They were living inside cavities within the Earth's crust at an ocean-floor website where the Pacific is 1.56 miles (2,515 meters). deep. All the types were formerly understood to have lived near. such vents, but never underground.

We discovered vent animal life in the cavities of the. ocean's crust. We now know that the special hydrothermal vent. environment extends into the ocean's crust, said marine biologist. Sabine Gollner of the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea. Research study, among the leaders of the study released this week in. the journal Nature Communications.

To our knowledge, it is the very first time that animal life has. been discovered in the ocean crust, Gollner included.

The expedition was carried out at the East Pacific Increase, a. volcanically active ridge on the flooring of the southeastern. Pacific, running approximately parallel to South America's west. coast. Earth's rigid external part is divided into enormous plates. that move slowly with time in a procedure called plate. tectonics. The East Pacific Rise lies where 2 such. plates are gradually spreading apart.

This area includes lots of hydrothermal vents, cracks in the. seafloor located where seawater and lava below the Earth's. crust come together. Magma refers to molten rock that is. underground, while lava describes molten rock that reaches the. surface, including the seafloor. New seafloor forms in places. where magma is forced up towards the surface area at a mid-ocean. ridge and cools to form volcanic rock.

The hydrothermal vents spew into the cold sea the. super-heated and chemical-rich water that nourishes. microbes.

The warm venting fluids are abundant in energy - for example,. sulfide - that can be used by microorganisms, which form the basis of. the food-chain, Gollner said.

Life flourishes around the vents - consisting of huge tubeworms. reaching lengths of 10 feet (3 meters), mussels, crabs, shrimp,. fish and other organisms perfectly adjusted to this extreme. environment. The giant tubeworms do not consume as other animals do. Instead, bacteria residing in their body in a sack-like organ. turn sulfur from the water into energy for the animal.

The researchers deployed SuBastian from the Schmidt Ocean. Institute research study vessel Falkortoo to the vent website deep below. The robot was equipped with arms that wielded a sculpt that the. scientists utilized to go into the crust and discover warm and. fluid-filled cavities where the tubeworms, bristle worms and. snails were spotted.

We used a sculpt to break the rock. We dug about 20 cm (8. inches). The lava plates were about 10 cm (4 inches) thick. The. cavities below the lava plates were about 10 cm in height,. Gollner said.

Larvae from these animals may attack these subseafloor. habitats, the scientists stated, in an example of connection. in between the seafloor and underground environments.

It altered our view on connectedness in the ocean, Gollner. said of discovering the subsurface lair.

(source: Reuters)