Latest News
-
Stocks rise, US yields fall on increased Fed expectations
On Tuesday, global stocks rose and were on track for their third consecutive session of gains. Investors remained confident that the Federal Reserve will cut U.S. rates at its meeting in December, while U.S. Treasury Yields fell. Alphabet, Meta Platforms and other gains on Wall Street helped U.S. stock prices close higher. Google's parent company closed at $323.44, a record high. It is now close to $4 trillion market capitalization. This would make Google the fourth company in history to achieve this milestone. The Information reported Meta Platforms' 3.78% gain as the largest lift for the S&P 500. The company is in negotiations with Google about spending billions on chips from Alphabet to be used in data centers beginning in 2027. Investors also parsed an avalanche of economic data. Some of it was delayed because of the 43-day U.S. shutdown. The Commerce Department reported that retail sales in September rose by 0.2% after an unrevised gain of 0.6% in August. This was below the 0.4% increase expected by economists surveyed by the. Labor Department reports that the Producer Price Index (PPI) for final demand rose 0.3% from an unrevised drop of 0.1% in August. This was expected, since energy costs increased and producers passed some tariffs on. ADP released more recent data Tuesday, indicating that private employers in the United States shed an average 13,500 jobs over the last four weeks. The Dow Jones Industrial Average climbed 664.18, or 1.4%, to 47,112,45. The S&P 500 gained 60.76, or 0.9%, to 6,765.88. And the Nasdaq Composite rose 153.59, or 0.6%, to 23,025.59. Since Friday, stocks have been rising after New York Fed president John Williams stated that interest rates could fall in the short term. Other policymakers however insisted on borrowing costs remaining steady. This boosted market expectations of a rate reduction. These expectations were further boosted on Monday by comments made by San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank president Mary Daly and Fed governor Christopher Waller, who both supported a December rate cut. Bill Merz is the head of capital markets research at U.S. Bank Wealth Management, Minneapolis. "We have data this morning with slightly softer employment markets. That should be a major consideration for Fed voting member, and I believe it is." These slightly softer labor markets confirm that this wasn't a one-off blip. Small-cap stocks also saw a boost from the increased expectations of rate cuts. The Russell 2000 closed up 2.14% for its third consecutive session. The trading volume will likely decrease as Thanksgiving Day approaches in the United States on Thursday. Markets will be closed on that day, and Friday's session will be abbreviated. MSCI's global stock index rose 9 points or 0.92% to 991.31; it was on course for its largest three-day percentage increase in over six months. The pan-European STOXX 600 closed up 0.91% on the back of the prospect of Fed rate cuts and optimism about a possible ceasefire in Ukraine. U.S. yields dropped after the influx of data. The benchmark 10-year U.S. note yield fell 3.4 basis points to 4.002%, after falling to 3.988%. This was its first time below 4% since the 29th of October. According to CME's FedWatch Tool, the markets are pricing in a 82.7% probability of a Fed 25 basis point cut at its meeting in December, a far higher percentage than the 50.1% they were predicting a week earlier. Fed Governor Stephen Miran stated in a TV interview that the state of the job market is deteriorating due to the Fed's short-term rate target. The dollar index (which measures the greenback versus a basket currencies) declined by 0.37%, to 99.83. Meanwhile, the euro rose 0.4%, at $1.15667. The pound strengthened by 0.47%, to $1.3164, ahead of the UK's budget announcement scheduled for Wednesday. Traders also piled into options markets in order to protect themselves from increased volatility. The traders have been watching closely for any signs of possible Japanese interventions in the yen. It has strengthened 0.53% to 156.09 dollars per yen but is down by 1.3% this month. U.S. crude oil settled down by 1.11% at $57.95 per barrel and Brent settled for $62.48 a barrel, down by 1.4%. This was after Ukraine indicated support for an American-backed framework to end the war with Russia.
-
Trump wants to relax US regulations on coal-fired power stations
The Trump administration asked a federal judge to overturn the 2024 limits on soot for factories and power plants. It also delayed by three-years a deadline set for coal plants to remove coal waste. Critics have called these moves a clear retreat from public health protections. Soot is linked to cardiovascular disease and asthma. The EPA of President Joe Biden said that the stricter standard of 9 micrograms of CO2 per cubic meter last year would prevent more than 800,000. This included 2,000 hospitalizations and 4,500 premature death. Trump has pushed for the revival of coal. In a Monday filing, the EPA sided up with 24 states, led by Kentucky, and industry groups, including the National Association of Manufacturers, who had sued the regulator for reversing the 2024 standard regarding soot or fine particulate material, also known as PM2.5. Nearly 91% coal plants currently in operation already meet the new standard. The EPA announced a proposal on Tuesday to extend the deadline by three years for a few large coal plants that have coal-fired boilers to stop operation and to close coal ash impoundments without linings. The new deadline is October 2031, "to improve the reliability of the electric grid." The EPA is seeking comments until January 7th on the extension. In a statement, the EPA stated that the 2024 rule would cost "hundreds of million dollars if not billions" to American citizens if it were to be implemented. The EPA also said that this was not based upon a thorough review of science. In a press release, a spokesperson stated that "EPA will carry out a thorough examination as required by Clean Air Act". In March, the Trump administration targeted soot among dozens of other regulations that it intended to repeal. The agency announced in a series of press releases that it had taken more than 30 deregulation measures. Rolling back soot limitations would benefit the country's dirtiest power plants. The EPA claims that the only coal plant in the United States without pollution controls is the Colstrip Power Plant, located in Montana. Environmental groups criticized the decision to abandon the stricter EPA standard for soot. Hayden Hashimoto is an attorney with the Clean Air Task Force. He said, "EPA's move is a blatant effort to avoid legal requirements of a rollback. In this case, it was for one the most significant actions taken by the agency in recent years to safeguard public health." (Reporting and editing by Howard Goller, David Gregorio and Valerie Volcovici)
-
Stocks rise, US yields fall on increased Fed cut expectations
The global stock market rose on Tuesday, and was on track for a third consecutive session of gains. Investors remained confident that the U.S. Federal Reserve will cut interest rates during its December meeting. Meanwhile, U.S. Treasury Yields fell. Alphabet and Meta Platforms led the gains on Wall Street. Google's parent company hit an intraday high of $328.83, and was up over 1% last as it approached $4 trillion market capitalization. This would make it the only fourth company to achieve this mark. The Information reported on Meta Platforms, which rose 3% and was the largest boost to the S&P 500. Meta Platforms is in negotiations with Google about spending billions of dollars to buy chips from Alphabet's company for use in Google data centers beginning in 2027. Investors also parsed an avalanche of economic data. Some of it was delayed because of the 43-day U.S. shutdown. The Commerce Department reported that retail sales in September rose by 0.2% after an unrevised gain of 0.6% in August. This was below the 0.4% increase expected by the economists polled. Separately, the Labor Department reported that the Producer Price Index (PPI) for final demand rose 0.3%, after a 0.1% unrevised drop in August. This was expected, because energy prices increased and producers passed some tariffs on. ADP released more recent data Tuesday, indicating that private employers in the United States lost an average of 13500 jobs over the four-week period ending November 8. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose by 546.82, or 1.12%, to 46.995.09; the S&P 500 gained 45.45, or 0.68 %, to 6.750.53; and the Nasdaq Composite advanced 80.42, or 0.35 %, to 22952.43. Since Friday, the market has been anticipating a rate reduction after New York Fed president John Williams stated that interest rates could fall in the short term. Other policymakers have insisted on borrowing costs remaining unchanged for now. These expectations were further boosted on Monday by comments made by San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank president Mary Daly and Fed governor Christopher Waller, who both supported a December rate cut. Bill Merz is the head of capital markets research at U.S. Bank Wealth Management, Minneapolis. "We have data this morning with slightly softer employment markets. That should be a major consideration for Fed voting member, and I believe it is." These slightly softened labor markets confirm that this wasn't a one-off blip. The trading volume will likely decrease towards Thanksgiving in the United States on Thursday. Markets will be closed and Friday's session will be abbreviated. The MSCI index of global stocks rose 7.72 points or 0.79% to 990.03, and is now on course for its largest three-day percentage increase in a month. The pan-European STOXX 600 closed up 0.91% on the back of the prospect of Fed rate cuts and optimism about a possible ceasefire in Ukraine. U.S. yields fell after the data glut, with the yield of the benchmark 10-year U.S. notes falling 3.8 basis points to 3.998% and dropping below the 4% level for the first since October 29. The markets are pricing an 84.7% probability of a Fed 25 basis point cut at its meeting in December, which is up from 84.4% the previous session and above the 50.1% a week earlier. In a television interview, Federal Reserve Governor Stephen Miran stated that the central bank's short-term rate target is to blame for a declining job market. The dollar index, which measures greenbacks against a basket currencies, dropped 0.48% at 99.72. Meanwhile, the euro rose 0.49% to $1.1577. The pound strengthened by 0.77%, to $1.3204, ahead of Britain's budget announcement scheduled for Wednesday. Traders also rushed into the options markets in order to protect themselves from increased volatility. The yen strengthened by 0.64% to 155.93 dollars per yen but has fallen 1.3% in the last month. Traders are closely monitoring for any signs of Japanese intervention. U.S. crude dropped 1.61% to $57.89 per barrel and Brent fell to $62.40 a barrel, down 1.53 % after Ukraine indicated support for an American-backed framework to end the war with Russia.
-
Gold prices remain stable as US data confirms Fed rate cut bets
Gold prices were unchanged on Tuesday, as traders expected that the Federal Reserve would cut interest rates by December due to softer than expected U.S. retail data. Spot gold By 01:54 ET (1854 GMT), the price of gold was $4,139.79 an ounce. ET (1854 GMT). On Monday, the price rose by nearly 2% after some U.S. policymakers indicated support for a 3rd rate cut in this year during their meeting on December 9-10. U.S. Gold Futures > for December delivery settled 1.1% higher at $4,140 per ounce. Peter Grant, senior metals analyst at Zaner Metals, said that recent Fed dovishness has revived hopes for a rate cut in December. This (data) does not seem to change this. Retail sales in the United States increased less than anticipated in September. This is a pause after a recent period of strong gains. The Producer Price Index rose 2.7% over the 12-month period ending in September. It was the same as the increase in August. CME Group data shows that markets are pricing an 85% probability of a Fed rate reduction next month, compared to only 50% last week. They also place a 65% chance on another cut in borrowing costs for January. Fed Governor Stephen Miran stated on Tuesday that a worsening job market requires further rate reductions, echoing the dovish remarks made by Fed Governor Christopher Waller Monday. Gold that does not yield tends to perform well when interest rates are low and there is geopolitical or economic instability. "The underlying conditions are ongoing economic uncertainty, geopolitical turbulence, and dovish Fed expectation continue to support the gold price (in near term)," ActivTrades Analyst Ricardo Evangelista stated. Spot Silver Platinum fell by 0.3% to $51.21 an ounce. Palladium rose 0.2%, to $1,546.42 > gained 0.1%, to $1 397.49. (Reporting from Pablo Sinha, Bengaluru. Additional reporting by Sherin-Elizabeth Varghese, Sarah Qureshi and Louise Heavens; Editing by Vijay Kishore, Paul Simao and Louise Heavens)
-
US EPA wants to eliminate tougher limits on soot, but critics warn about health risks
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has asked a federal judge to overturn the 2024 soot limit for factories and power plants. Critics have called this a blatant retreat away from one of its most important public health protections in recent years. In a Monday filing, the EPA sided up with 24 states, led by Kentucky, and industry groups, including the National Association of Manufacturers, who sued the EPA in order to overturn the 2024 standard for fine particulate matters, also known as PM2.5. Nearly 91% coal plants currently in operation already meet the new standard. Soot is linked to cardiovascular disease, asthma and other health problems. Last year, the EPA, under the leadership of President Joe Biden, said that a tighter standard of 9 micrograms of soot per cubic meter could prevent more than 800,000. This would include 2,000 hospitalizations and 4,500 premature death. The EPA, under the administration of President Donald Trump’s Lee Zeldin, did not reply to a question about its future plans. In March, the Trump administration targeted soot among dozens of other regulations that it intended to repeal. The agency announced in a series of press releases that it had taken more than 30 deregulation measures. Rolling back soot limitations would benefit the country's dirtiest power plants. The EPA claims that the Colstrip Power Plant, located in Montana is the only coal plant in the United States without pollution controls. Environmental groups criticized the decision to abandon the stricter EPA standard for soot. Hayden Hashimoto is an attorney with Clean Air Task Force. He said, "EPA's move is a blatant effort to avoid legal requirements of a rollback. In this case, it was for one the most significant actions taken by the agency in recent years to safeguard public health." (Reporting and editing by Howard Goller; Valerie Volcovici)
-
Gold gains as US data confirms Fed rate-cut betting
The gold price rose on Tuesday, as traders expected the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates by December due to softer than expected retail sales in the United States. By 12:16 pm EST (1716 GMT), spot gold had risen 0.3% to $4150.09 an ounce. On Monday, the price rose almost 2% after a few U.S. policymakers indicated support for a 3rd rate cut in this year during their meeting on December 9-10. U.S. Gold Futures for December Delivery rose by 1.3%, to $4147 per ounce. Peter Grant, senior metals analyst at Zaner Metals, said: "There is renewed hope for a rate cut in December based on recent Fed dovish talk, and these (data) don't seem change that." Retail sales in the United States increased less than anticipated in September. This is a pause after a string of recent strong gains. The Producer Price Index also increased by 2.7% over the past 12 months, which matches the increase in August. CME Group data shows that the markets are pricing in a 83% probability of a Fed cut next month, compared to just 30% last week. They also price in a 64% chance of another drop in borrowing costs for January. Fed Governor Stephen Miran stated on Tuesday that a declining job market requires further rate reductions, echoing the dovish remarks made by Fed Governor Christopher Waller Monday. Gold that does not yield tends to perform well when interest rates are low and there is geopolitical or economic instability. "In the short term, gold prices will continue to be supported by geopolitical turmoil and dovish Fed expectation," said ActivTrades analyst Ricardo Evangelista. Silver was unchanged at $51.40 an ounce. Platinum rose 0.4% to 1,550.31, and palladium increased 0.1% to 1396.18. (Reporting from Bengaluru by Pablo Sinha; Additional reporting by Sherin Lizabeth Varghese, Editing by Louise Heavens and Vijay Kishore; Paul Simao, Vijay Kishore)
-
JSW, a Polish company, has posted a larger third-quarter loss due to the continued tough market conditions
The Polish coal miner JSW, controlled by the Polish government, reported a net profit of 218.0 million dollars for the third quarter of this year. This is compared to 315.3 million dollars in the same time period last year. The miner has suffered a series of losses in the past quarters as it battles a market with falling coal prices, and a weak demand. This has outpaced the efforts of the company to return to profitability. Why it's important JSW is Europe's leading producer of hard coking coal. JSW is the largest producer of high-quality hard coking coal in the European Union. CONTEXT JSW is implementing a restructuring program in this difficult environment. One of the key proposals under consideration is merging its four main mining centres into two. Other measures include reducing operating and capital expenditure and selling non core assets Polish officials have also taken part in the efforts to save this miner. The Polish Armaments Group could be involved in JSW's revamp, according to Prime Minister Donald Tusk. In November, the State Assets Minister said that Warsaw is in discussions with banks regarding possible loans. By the Numbers JSW reported revenue of 2,29 billion zlotys compared to 2.69 billion reported for the same period last year. The company's EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) for the first 9 months was 2.17 billion, compared to a loss 5.80 billion in 2024. $1 = 3.6525 Zlotys (Reporting and editing by Matt Scuffham).
-
OPEC+ is seen as maintaining oil production unchanged and focusing on the capacity debate
Three OPEC+ source said that OPEC+ will likely leave the output levels unchanged during its meeting on Sunday, but focus on a hypothetical topic about how much oil each member can produce to decide on future policies. OPEC+ includes the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies, such as Russia. It pumps around half of the world's crude oil. For years, OPEC+ has discussed production capacity figures – or baselines – against which member's output targets are determined. OPEC+ said that ministers will discuss on Sunday a method to determine the maximum production capacity of countries, which can be used to establish baselines for output in 2027. OPEC+ had a technical discussion on the subject in September. According to the International Energy Agency, the group has had difficulty finding a compromise for some members, such as Nigeria. Nigeria wants higher production quotas, but only has limited capacity. The United Arab Emirates, on the other hand still have a lot of spare capacity. This is after they secured a slight increase in their share of OPEC+ production this year. Angola left the group in 2024 due to a disagreement over its production target. One OPEC+-source said that any changes to the quota on Sunday will need to be approved in full by the group. OPEC+ reduced its output for a number of years, until eight members started to increase production in April to regain market share. The reductions peaked in march, totaling 5.85 million barrels a day, or almost 6% of the world's production. Eight members raised their output targets from April to December by about 2.9 million bpd. At their last November meeting, they paused the increases for the first three months amid predictions of an looming surplus. The three sources stated that OPEC+ will not make any changes on Sunday to the first-quarter production policy or to the group-wide output levels for 2026, which were agreed upon at its May meeting. Reporting by Alex Lawler, Ahmad Ghaddar and Tomasz Janowski. Editing by Dmitry Zhdannikov & Tomasz Janowski.
Chocolate rates to keep rising as West Africa's cocoa crisis deepens
Surveying the removed landscape of her farm dotted with pools of cyanidetainted, tea coloured waste water left by illegal gold miners is enough to make Janet Gyamfi break down.
Only last year, the 27-hectare plot in western Ghana was covered with almost 6,000 cocoa trees. Today, less than a dozen remain.
This farm was my only methods of survival, the 52-year-old divorcee informed , tears streaming down her cheeks. I. prepared to pass it on to my children.
Long the world's indisputable cocoa powerhouses accounting for. over 60% of international supply, Ghana and its West African neighbour. Ivory Coast are both facing disastrous harvests this season.
Expectations of scarcities of cocoa beans - the raw product. for chocolate - have seen New york city cocoa futures more. than double this year alone. They have hit fresh record highs. nearly daily in an unmatched trend that reveals little sign of. abating.
More than 20 farmers, specialists and industry experts told. that an ideal storm of widespread prohibited gold mining,. climate modification, sector mismanagement, and quickly spreading out. disease is to blame.
In its most sobering assessment to date, according to information. compiled considering that 2018 and acquired exclusively , Ghana's. cocoa marketing board Cocobod estimates that 590,000 hectares of. plantations have actually been contaminated with swollen shoot, a virus that. will ultimately eliminate them.
Ghana today has some 1.38 million hectares of land under. cocoa cultivation, a figure Cocobod stated consists of contaminated trees. that are still producing cocoa.
Production is in long-lasting decrease, stated Steve Wateridge,. a cocoa professional with Tropical Research Services. We wouldn't get. the lowest crop for twenty years in Ghana and lowest for 8 years. in Ivory Coast if we had not reached a tipping point.
It's an imbroglio with no simple fixes that has shocked. markets and could spell the start of completion of West. Africa's cocoa supremacy, the professionals told . That may. open the door for ascendant manufacturers, particularly in Latin. America.
And while countless cocoa farmers in West Africa are. facing an unpleasant watershed minute, it's a shift that will also. be felt in rich consumer markets, perhaps for several years to come.
Shoppers purchasing Easter confectionary in the United States. are finding that chocolate on shop racks is more than 10%. more pricey than a year ago, according to information from research. firm NielsenIQ.
Since chocolate makers tend to hedge cocoa purchases months. in advance, experts state the disastrous crops in West Africa. will only actually struck consumers later this year.
The kind of chocolate bar that we're used to consuming, that's. going to become a high-end, said Tedd George, an Africa-focused. products professional with Kleos Advisory. It will be available,. however it's going to be two times as pricey.
' TRAUMATISED'
The roots of this season's implosion are on complete screen in. Samreboi, the community in Ghana's western cocoa heartland where. Gyamfi lives.
Only 3 years earlier, Samreboi boasted approximately 38,000. hectares of planted cocoa, according to Cocobod's local workplace. there. Today, it's fallen to just 15,400.
Illegal miners started appearing in the area a few years ago,. Gyamfi stated. She 'd been withstanding their threatening demands to. offer them her plantation when, one day last June, she arrived to. find it cordoned off. Equipped guards obstructed her entry.
Bulldozers removed her cocoa trees. Miners swarmed the. residential or commercial property. Within six months, the gold was completed and the site. was deserted, leaving Gyamfi with unusable land contaminated. with harmful chemicals, a loan she can no longer pay back, and. four kids to support.
I was traumatised, she said.
She said she pleaded with the police and Cocobod but says. she's seen no reaction.
An officer at the regional police station, who asked not to be. recognized, said they had gotten a complaint however he could not. remember if they had sent out officers to the farm. He decreased to. speak with cops records.
Cocobod representative Fiifi Boafo, upon knowing of her case,. said the board's legal department would get included.
However we are not the police or the courts, he stated. It is. illegal to destroy cocoa trees, but the penalty isn't punitive. enough.
Throughout Ghana, cocoa plantations are delivering ground to gold. miners, known in your area as galamsey.
Cocobod informed it had no approximately date information on the scale. of the damage. And while a research study it performed 4 years. ago discovered that 20,000 hectares of cocoa had actually been lost to. galamsey, five specialists said mining has expanded quickly in the. stepping in years.
It's now catastrophic, said Godwin Kojo Ayenor, a. development economic expert specialising in cocoa. It's covering. almost every part of the cocoa belt.
While some plantation takeovers are indeed violent, five. farmers and neighborhood leaders informed that more and more of. them are becoming prepared sellers.
To cocoa farmer Asiamah Yeboah, galamsey is just a sign. of a more comprehensive despair. Since striking peak production of over a. million tonnes in the 2020/21 season, Ghana has been moving. Output is anticipated to plunge to just 580,000 tonnes this year.
Yeboah says he gathered 50 bags of cocoa in 2015, however. production from his 15-hectare plot fell to simply seven this. season. He does not earn enough to reinvest and increasingly. struggles to find workers.
Before God and man, if they come requesting for my farm to. mine, I will sell it, he said.
ILLNESS AND CLIMATE MODIFICATION
Yeboah and other Ghanaian farmers blame Cocobod.
The body, which has wide-reaching obligation for. managing and promoting the sector, deals with installing financial obligation and. this season struggled to protect the syndicated loan it uses to. finance operations and bring in the crop.
It suspended circulations of fertiliser and pesticides. years back. Strategies to renew aging tree stocks have actually made. scant progress. And it is losing the battle against what numerous. consider an existential threat: inflamed shoot.
The virus very first decreases yields before eventually killing. trees. Once contaminated with inflamed shoot, plantations need to be. removed and the soil dealt with before cocoa can be replanted.
Cocobod has undertaken to rehabilitate afflicted cocoa. plantations, utilizing a part of its $600 million in funding. from the African Advancement Bank and another $200 million from. the World Bank.
With aging and infected crops, the obstacles look frightening,. Boafo, the Cocobod spokesperson, told . However we've vital. interventions ongoing to address them.
The 67,000 hectares covered under Ghana's rehab. program, nevertheless, come no place close to staying up to date with the. disease's spread, specialists say. Worse, Cocobod says prohibited. miners invade some fixed up farms.
And in Ivory Coast, the world's greatest cocoa manufacturer,. things are hardly much better, with Tropical Research Service's. Wateridge approximating as much as 30% of Ivorian cocoa plantations are. likely contaminated.
There's no fast fix, said Antonie Fountain, managing. director of VOICE Network, which pushes for cocoa sector reform.
A dead tree is not simply dead for a season, he stated.
Even after rehab, replanted trees take two to four. years to develop and produce beans. And a significant rebound in. cocoa production in the two countries deals with other major headwinds.
Researchers forecast climate modification will make the crop harder. to produce in West Africa in coming decades with one research study. forecasting Ivory Coast's a lot of suitable growing locations will. shrink by more than 50% by the 2050s.
Rainfall patterns are already moving, with more. focused periods of heavy rains and longer, hotter dry. spells, stated Bakary Traoré, head of Ivorian forest conservation. group IDEF.
It's something we've already been observing for the past. couple of years, he said.
With West Africa having a hard time, current sky-high international prices. will be an appealing incentive for farmers to plant more cocoa. in other tropical areas, notably Latin America.
Both VOICE Network's Fountain and cocoa professional Wateridge are. forecasting that Ecuador will now surpass Ghana as the world's. number 2 cocoa by 2027. Brazil and Peru might also step up.
Filling the supply void will take some time, however, and in the. meantime chocolate enthusiasts should anticipate to feel the pinch.
However the genuine victims, say activists like Fountain, are the. small-time growers in Ivory Coast and Ghana, who have couple of. alternatives as they watch their earnings evaporate.
The situation for farmers in West Africa is disastrous,. stated Water fountain. It is simply definitely ravaging.
(source: Reuters)