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Pakistan, the mediator in the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran-backed Houthis, is under pressure to pick a side.

Pakistan, the mediator in the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran-backed Houthis, is under pressure to pick a side.
Pakistan, the mediator in the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran-backed Houthis, is under pressure to pick a side.

Pakistan's dual role in the past year as Riyadh’s partner and Washington’s backchannel to Tehran has been evident. But this week, fighting between Yemen’s Iran-backed Houthi and Saudi forces will test how long Islamabad is able to hold both positions simultaneously.

The fights are the first major test of the'mutual defence alliance' that was signed last month between Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, and adds to an existing pact already in place between Islamabad & Riyadh. According to the agreement, any armed attack against one of the countries will be considered an attack against all three.

Officials in Pakistan are concerned that the Houthi menace is more likely than earlier this year's Iranian missile attacks on Saudi energy infrastructure to drag Islamabad into war. Two Pakistani officials said in July that Pakistani soldiers were deployed near the Saudi border to Yemen, increasing their exposure.

Pakistan has been working to improve its economy, which is still recovering from years of turmoil. Deals with Gulf countries have played a major role in this.

Pakistan relies also on oil and natural gas shipments via the Strait of Hormuz, and through the Red Sea - routes that Iran and Houthis can disrupt. This gives Islamabad a reason to not alienate Tehran while it strengthens its ties with Gulf.

WARNING TO IRAQ

Tensions between Iran, a nuclear-armed country, and Pakistan have sometimes escalated to deadly clashes. In two years, Iran launched missiles and drones against alleged militant hideouts along the shared border with Pakistan in Balochistan Province. This sparked retaliatory strikes from Islamabad.

This time, Pakistan wants to stop an escalation of violence before it is too late.

Saudi, Pakistani, and Iranian sources said that the Saudis sent a warning to Iran this week urging it to rein in their Yemeni Houthi ally, according on Wednesday. On Thursday evening, Field Marshal Asim Muniz spoke with Abbas Araqchi, the Iranian Foreign Minister. They discussed "ways to restore diplomatic effort to de-escalate in all fronts", according to a Pakistani report.

A second Pakistani official said that Pakistan is "trying to maintain a low-profile in the Saudi Houthi conflict" because Pakistan's stakes are very high. It does not wish to ruin relations with Iran.

Sajjad Hajder Khan, spokesman for the Pakistani foreign ministry, said in a press briefing held on Thursday that no military response was being discussed to the Houthi attacks.

In response to a comment request, Khan said that the Iranian leadership had always appreciated Pakistan's efforts at mediation. "Pakistan is a staunch opponent of escalation, and advocates restraint and dialogue."

BALANCING ACT

Officials from Iran have publicly praised Pakistan and stated that they don't see the defence pact in a negative light. Three Iranian sources who were familiar with the talks said that the private story was different. They explained that although Pakistan may have good intentions, they lack the resources to carry out the agreement or the negotiation experience of Qatari negotiators.

The Iranian Foreign Ministry did not reply to a comment request.

Islamabad appears to be recalibrating its efforts as it takes in the magnitude of the balance act it has undertaken.

Kuwait, which was involved in the initial talks between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, pushed for an agreement that was largely similar. Sources said that Pakistani officials were wary of establishing deeper military ties with a Gulf state which was exposed to Iranian bombardment. They therefore scaled back the talks.

Last month, the two countries signed a more limited protocol covering border security, training and capacity building. This was far from what Kuwait had expected.

On Thursday, foreign ministry spokesman Khan said there were no ?plans to expand the broader Pakistan-Saudi-Turkey alliance to new members at the moment.

MEDIATOR OR COMBATANT:

Farzana Shaikh is an associate fellow of Chatham House. She questioned if Tehran's faith in Islamabad has ever been as solid as presumed.

She claimed that Pakistan did not possess the same level of expertise or wherewithal that Qatar and Oman could have provided, and that Islamabad’s increased role was due less to its diplomatic capital and more to "the friendship" between Donald Trump and Pakistani field marshal Asim Munir.

Trump has repeatedly called Munir "his favorite field marshal", following a 'charm offensive' by Pakistan centered around crypto deals and American access to rare mineral deposits, as well as counterterrorism.

Some argue that the role of Islamabad as a?mediator may not be affected by this.

Kamran Bokhari is a Washington-based analyst of Pakistan-Iran Relations. He said that Tehran engages Islamabad because it aligns itself with Riyadh, and Washington.

He said that Islamabad’s alignment allows it to deliver messages in a way a neutral party cannot. This is the exact value Riyadh, and Washington, are counting on, when they route their messages through?Islamabad.

An escalation of fighting between Saudi Arabia and the Houthis could change this calculus.

Bokhari said, "Relaying and shaping a message is one thing, but active air-defense support or intelligence?support are another. This is what turns Pakistan from a stakeholder to a combatant."

Pakistan has the seventh largest military in the entire world, measured by the number of active military personnel. It had already sent thousands of soldiers, as well as a squadron fighter jets, to Saudi Arabia, under an earlier defence agreement. Islamabad, which has troops deployed on Pakistan's border with India as well as fighting insurgencies across the western provinces of Pakistan and along its tense border to India, is now trying temper demands from other Gulf States eager for similar assurances.

Bokhari stated that the Pakistani forces were stretched, and any additional commitments would be "daunting".

(source: Reuters)