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US Gulf Coast fuel imports are at a record low, as refiners choose heavier crude

Fuel oil imports in the U.S. Gulf Coast refinery hub hit a new record low in the month of June, as refiners were forced to use more heavy and sour crude due to tighter global supply.

Refineries that run heavier, sourer oil produce more heavy residue. This is then processed in a second unit to make higher-value products such as gasoline or diesel. According to Kpler's ship tracking service, Gulf Coast fuel oil imports reached a new record low of 213,000 barrels a day in June. This is down from 233,000 barrels p.d. for the month. In June 2024, they were 430,000 barrels p.d. The Gulf Coast refineries account for over 55% of the total U.S. refining capacity.

The drop was primarily due to a decline in Mexican crude oil volumes. In June, they fell to their lowest level since April 2020 at only 22,000 bpd. This is down from 71,000 in the previous month. The global high-sulphur oil supply has tightened due to the seasonal increase in demand for air conditioning in the Middle East between June and August.

The feedstock is less economical to refine compared to crude, which has led prices up. According to prices published by Argus Media, the daily premium for high sulphur fuel over Mexican heavy crude Maya averaged $4.20 per barrel in May. This was the largest monthly average premium since last October. Gulf Coast refiners prefer Maya because they run heavy and medium oil.

A refinery source reported that higher prices for fuel oil high in sulphur have prompted refiners use less feedstock, and more heavy crude.

Austin Lin, principal oil analyst at Wood Mackenzie, said that U.S. refiners were weighing the benefits of using high-sulphur feedstocks against crude. The margins weren't as good. Roslan Khasawneh is a senior oil analyst with Kpler. He said that U.S. refiners are relying less on imported residual feedstocks in the long term and more on domestic production.

Khasawneh explained that this was one of the reasons why U.S. fuel oils inventories have been trending downwards to multi-decades lows, and domestic fuel oil yields have been slightly higher since mid- to late last year. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. fuel oil reserves on the Gulf Coast dropped last week to their lowest level since March 1996. They were 10.63 million barrels.

Khasawneh continued, "Gulf Coast oil imports are on a clear downward trend since Russia invaded Ukraine. This is due to the U.S. embargo on Russian oil imports." (Reporting and editing by Marguerita Choy in Houston)

(source: Reuters)