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The largest reservoir in Lebanon is drained by the worst drought ever recorded

The largest reservoir in Lebanon is drained by the worst drought ever recorded

The water levels in Lebanon's biggest reservoir, the Litani River, have dropped to record lows, amid the worst drought the country has ever experienced. This is a threat to agriculture, domestic water supplies, and electricity production.

The Litani River National Authority reported that inflows into Lake Qaraoun this year during the wet season were not more than 45 million cubic meters, which is a fraction of 350 million cubic metres average annual flow.

In the last year, this figure was 230 millions. According to the authority, water in Lake Qaraoun is currently unavailable - 61 million cubic metres - due to severe contamination.

Sami Alawieh is the head of the river authority. "There have been dry years before, in 1989, 1990, and 1991. But this year has been the driest," he said. "We have a problem of water scarcity in all Lebanese water basins and territories."

Drone footage shows the shoreline of Lake Qaraoun dramatically receding, exposing cracked soil and dead vegetation.

Alawieh reported that the hydroelectric plants in Lebanon tied to Litani basin had been shut down. This has caused financial losses for Electricite du Liban and increased electricity rationing.

He said that there were two main factors to consider: the decrease in rainfall and the stress on the groundwater.

The authority conducted a study that found climate change and changing weather patterns contributed to more frequent and hotter seasons, as well as higher temperatures. This has led to a greater frequency of dry seasons.

In some areas, the state utility has reduced supply from 20 hours per day to just 10.

Farmers in the Bekaa valley, around Qaraoun Village, were already feeling its impact.

Safa Issa said, "I've never seen such a drought or lack of rain this year." We used to have snow that was up to one metre in height. It's been ten years since we last saw any."

Electricity supply has been erratic, which is a problem for irrigation systems.

Fayez Omais, a local farmer, said: "You irrigated for three hours and then stopped for three."

Suzy Hoayek is an advisor to the Ministry of Energy and Water, Beirut. She said that a national awareness campaign for reducing consumption will be launched in 10 days.

She said that managing demand is the most important thing. (Reporting and writing by Joelle Kozaily; Editing and editing by Alex Richardson).

(source: Reuters)