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US refining margins slump as fuel stocks climb: Kemp

U.S. oil refineries have been processing petroleum at the fastest rate for the time of year because before the pandemic, however rising fuel inventories have started to weigh on crack spreads and most likely signal a slowdown ahead.

Refineries processed 17.5 million barrels per day (b/d) of crude and other feedstocks over the week ending on June 7, the fastest seasonal rate since 2018, according to information from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Refineries were utilizing 95% of their operable capability, up 94% last year, and the highest portion considering that 2019, weekly data from the EIA show.

But intensive processing is producing more fuel and diesel than is being utilized locally and exported-- resulting in a relentless build-up of stocks.

Gas inventories had reached 234 million barrels on June 7 compared with 221 million barrels in 2023 and 218 million in 2022.

Stocks were 1 million barrels (+1% or +0.10 requirement deviations) above the prior 10-year seasonal average, erasing a. deficit of 6 million barrels (-3% or -0.87 standard variances). 2 months earlier.

Chartbook: U.S. fuel stocks and cracks

Extract inventories had actually reached 123 million barrels. compared to 114 million in 2023 and simply 110 million in 2022.

Distillate stocks were still 10 million barrels (-8% or. -0.50 standard variances) listed below the 10-year average however the. deficit had actually narrowed from 18 million barrels (-13% or -1.09. standard discrepancies) at the start of March.

Refineries have actually been responding to reasonably high refining. margins however the build-up of stocks has actually now undermined them. and likely indicates less frenetic processing in the weeks. ahead.

The gross margin from turning 3 barrels of crude into 2. barrels of fuel and 1 barrel of diesel, referred to as the 3-2-1. crack spread, has actually balanced $24 per barrel so far in June down. from $31 in March.

The inflation-adjusted 3-2-1 crack spread is now precisely in. line with the average for the ten years before the pandemic,. suggesting the fuel market is easily provided.

HURRICANE PREPARATIONS

The Atlantic typhoon season which runs from June to. November is anticipated to be more active than typical in 2024 as. result of conditions across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

In the Atlantic, sea surface area temperature levels are already warmer. than normal for the time of year, producing conditions for a. greater number of more intense tropical storms, including serious. typhoons.

In the Pacific, El Nino has currently faded and forecasters. anticipate La Nina conditions to form over the second half of the. year, which will likewise promote a more active Atlantic cyclone. season.

However, the danger of significant disruption to the significant. refineries on the coast of Texas and Louisiana, where nearly. half of the nation's processing capacity lies, stays. low in absolute terms.

However the forecast of an active cyclone seasons indicates it. will be reasonably greater than normal, particularly around the most. extreme part of the storm season in August and September.

Other things being equivalent, the marketplace needs to carry a little. greater inventories to offset the increased threat of refinery. disturbances.

But inventories can not continue developing at the current rate. without putting more down pressure on margins and costs.

TAPPING THE REFINERY BRAKES

Hedge funds and other cash supervisors have already. prepared for fuel markets will be oversupplied, selling futures. and options equivalent to 52 million barrels of gasoline and 13. million barrels of diesel over the last 8 weeks.

In gasoline, the net position was cut to simply 33 million. barrels (24th percentile for all weeks since 2013) on June 4. from 85 million barrels (88th percentile) on April 9.

In diesel, the fund position had actually been transformed into a web. short of 4 million barrels (24th percentile) from a long of 9. million (41st percentile).

Fund sales have actually most likely anticipated, accelerated and. magnified the downward pressure on refinery margins over the. last 2 months.

Weaker margins will likely trigger refineries to draw back. a little over the early part of the summer restricting the ultimate. inventory develop.

Fuel intake in the United States and the rest of the. world has so far increased by much less than anticipated in the. second quarter which has contributed to the pull back in. petroleum costs.

OPEC? is forecasting much stronger development in the 3rd. quarter to draw down oil inventories, boost rates and make it possible for. producers to increase output starting from the 4th quarter.

However there are no indications of a big increase in fuel. usage yet, which is adding to the downward slide in. costs and spreads.

Associated columns:

- Investors abandon bullish case for U.S. gas( May 15,. 2024)

- Renewable fuels take bite out of U.S. diesel. intake( May 10, 2024)

John Kemp is a market analyst. The views revealed. are his own. Follow his commentary on X https://twitter.com/JKempEnergy.

(source: Reuters)