Latest News

Gold tokens market could be tested by fluctuations in precious metal prices

The price of gold has risen, driving the demand for tokenized gold. This is a rapidly growing niche in the digital asset markets, but experts warn that it carries regulatory and custody risks which are not always obvious to investors.

Gold tokens are digital currency issued by crypto firms such as Tether and Paxos on a blockchain. They are backed by an equal amount of gold in a vault. This allows retail investors and traditional investors to play with the yellow metal, without having to take physical delivery.

Gold tokens, while still small in comparison to the digital asset market as a whole, are growing quickly. According to CoinGecko data, there were almost 20 gold tokens, which had a combined capitalization of $6 billion, as of Monday. Offerings from Paxos, and Tether accounted for more than half of the market.

Since the end of 2024, the market has grown by more than four times.

INVESTOR PROTECTION TESTS

Gold spot price rose to a record $5,594.82 on a Thursday. But a day after, it posted its largest one-day drop since 1983.

If a sudden rush of redemption requests for physical metals reveals gaps in the industry, then such blips can pose a risk to investor protection.

Some tokens are not transparent as to where and who controls the metal they contain. This leaves investors less informed than traditional gold markets.

It's unclear what you own when you purchase a digital token that is backed by a physical asset, said Adrian Ash. He's the head of research for online marketplace BullionVault.

If you were to need to prove your ownership during a legal dispute, the court could decide that you only own the token and not the gold.

In a press release, Paxos said that it is governed by federal law and all its reserves are protected in case of bankruptcy.

It added that each token is 100% backed up by institutional-grade gold, fully allocated and held in London vaults, redeemable at any time for physical delivery.

Tether declined to comment on the matter, but it says that Tether Gold "gives you ownership of actual physical gold." Last month, Tether said that it held 16.2 tons (or 16 metric tons) of gold as reserves for the token.

TOKENIZATION PULSE

Over the last year, tokenization has become popular across many asset classes. This includes stocks and bonds. Tokenization, say digital asset firms, allows for quicker and sometimes instantaneous settlements. This boosts liquidity and lowers transaction costs.

Critics say that because the United States does not have a clearly defined regulatory framework, there are differences in investor protections and rights.

Gold tokens are only valuable if the gold backing them can be redeemed quickly, is independently audited, and is held in a one-to-1 ratio.

In the past, the question of who owns the underlying metal was at the center of many legal disputes after commodities-related bankruptcy cases. This included when U.S. Hedge Fund MF Global failed in 2011.

Some investors believe that tokenization will only make disputes like these more complicated.

The majority of the risk is off-chain, in terms of whether the token represents an indirect, bankruptcy-remote, claim on specific bars, or a contractual claim on the issuer and custodians. This huge distinction determines if holders own an asset, or own a guarantee, said Michael Ashley Schulman.

The oversight of digital assets in general is also changing.

Campbell Harvey, professor of finance at Duke University noted that a long-anticipated bill making its way through Congress had put the 'Commodity Futures Trading Commission' in charge of these products. It's not clear whether the controversial legislation will be approved.

Harvey said that a custody arrangement such as this is challenging.

CRYPTO'S 'GOLD RUSH'

The metal's recent rally sparked interest in the tokenized form of gold, as geopolitical tensions fuelled safe-haven demands.

The explosive growth of gold-backed tokens is a reflection of a younger, newer demographic that has become interested in gold. They may be frustrated by the lack momentum in bitcoin's price, said independent analyst Ross Norman.

Bitcoin, the largest cryptocurrency in the world, which is seen as a hedge against inflation, is falling and has fallen 38% since its October high.

Paxos said it had record inflows to its gold tokens in January. This increased its market value equivalently by about 1.68 metric tonnes of gold and brought its total gold holdings at London up to more than thirteen metric tonnes.

Some crypto-investors believe that tokenized gold could replace bitcoin in the portfolio as a preferred inflation hedge.

In an interview with Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino last month, he discussed the company's portfolio of investments.

He said, "It is hard to choose which one I prefer."

(source: Reuters)