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Satellite data show that copper smelting activities dropped sharply in the month of March.

Satellite surveillance data showed that global copper smelting fell dramatically in March, to its lowest reading in 2025. This was due to some smelters of the top copper refiner in the world, China, starting the maintenance season earlier than usual.

Earth-i, a specialist in observational data collection, tracks smelters that represent up to 95 percent of global production. It sells this data to fund managers and traders, as well as to miners and traders.

The company reported that, on average, 12.6% of the global copper smelter capacities monitored were inactive last month. This is up from just 8.8% in February.

According to Earth-i, the inactivity of smelters in China has increased by 4.5 percentages points, to 9.6%. This is a country where over 40% capacity is covered by their services.

Due to the increasing smelting capacities, copper concentrate is in short supply. This has caused copper smelters to shut down during April and May for maintenance. This scramble can be seen by the low level of spot-treatment and refining costs (TC/RCs).

Negative TC/RCs are when smelters who are not integrated in a large mining complex nearby and source their concentrates instead from third parties, are paying for the rights to process concentrates as opposed to being paid for service.

The copper smelting outside China fell as well in March. The inactivity index rose by 3.4 points to 14.9%. This was the biggest increase in a single month since May 2023. (Reporting and editing by Joe Bavier; Polina Devtt)

(source: Reuters)