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Europe braces itself for a prolonged heatwave with temperatures approaching 40C

The heatwave that swept across Europe Sunday was so severe, temperatures reached as high as 40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit), causing transport disruptions and widespread warnings.

The extreme heat on June 21, also known as the "summer solstice" in the northern hemisphere, and the beginning of the hottest three months of the year raised fears of a persistent and early onset of extreme weather conditions.

Italian authorities have issued a red warning for the 21st of June in eight cities including Bologna. Florence, Milan and Turin.

The Pope, who was leading a Sunday tradition from a window in the Apostolic Palace, led the traditional prayer by the pilgrims on St Peter's Square.

A mass of hot, dry air is moving north from the Sahara. This is fueled by the so-called "African anticyclone," a high-pressure system.

Meteorologists claim that the system creates a "heat dome" which traps hot air in western and central Europe, allowing temperatures to rise day after day. Madrid residents and tourists cooled themselves with cold drinks and fans as they browsed through the famous El Rastro flea market.

Haily San Cezar, a 22 year old engineer from Miami, said: "I wear all white because it is so hot and I carry my small electric fan with me everywhere I go."

The Spanish weather agency AEMET issued red and yellow alerts in several regions warning that temperatures could exceed 39 to 40 C throughout the Iberian Peninsula, Mallorca and other parts of Spain. They also said the heatwave was expected to last until at least mid-week.

Trains cancelled in France

Extreme heat is causing infrastructure to be disrupted.

Jean Castex, SNCF's chief of operations in Paris, said that the high temperatures were "strongly affecting" the rail network. The temperature was so high that it could damage overhead power lines or expand tracks.

He stated that 3,500 employees had been?mobilised for the monitoring of the network, and another 2,000 would be performing emergency repairs. He advised passengers who were vulnerable to postpone their travel. 71 intercity train services on important routes have been cancelled by the operator until Monday.

The DWD weather service in Germany warned that severe thunderstorms could occur in the east, including Berlin. Heavy rain disrupted an open-air music festival.

The Berlin Open was evacuated due to heavy rains and strong winds. Fans were waiting for the?singles' final between Jessica Pegula from the U.S.A. and Linda Noskova from the Czech Republic.

Heat Stress on?Nestlings

The pressure on wildlife rescuers is also increasing.

In recent days, a centre near Namur in Belgium has taken in 150 animals that are heat stressed. Young birds are particularly at risk.

Romain Dejaegere of?CREAVES said that nestlings would rather jump than "let themselves die" and cook in their nests. He added that all centres in Belgium were overcrowded.

Experts believe that the heatwaves are part of a larger trend. Climate change is causing more heatwaves to occur in Europe. Reporting by Giselda Vasgnoni, Lewis Macdonald and Dominique Vidalon, in Paris; Sergio Leon, Graham Keely and Elena Rodriguez, in Madrid; Rachel More, in Berlin. Editing by Alexandra Hudson.

(source: Reuters)