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As business losses increase, Europe's heatwaves expose a gap in insurance coverage

Since more than a century, the cafes of Padua, Italy, have invited customers to enjoy an aperitivo (early evening drink) and socialise outside before dinner.

The traditional time slot of 6-7 pm has all but disappeared in Europe as people are seeking air conditioning indoors. This is affecting sales at many hospitality businesses.

Extreme heat is often excluded from traditional business interruption policies, which exposes a growing gap in protection for businesses across Europe.

Moody's published estimates stating that the European heatwaves last summer cost EUR43 billion ($50billion) in economic output, but only EUR500 million in insured payouts.

Federica Luni is the president of the hospitality association APPE Padova. She said that in Padua aperitivo starts later. "This means the outdoor seating areas and terraces are often left unused.

A survey of 600 hospitality businesses in the city, and province, revealed that more than 80% of them reported a decline of 20% or more of their turnover during the heatwave.

Luni stated that a 20% drop in margins would wipe out all your profit.

Heatwaves are taking a greater toll on the European economy. They reduce productivity, cut consumer spending, and increase operating costs. Such losses are difficult for insurers to cover, as they usually stem from indirect disruptions of operations rather than physical damage.

Swenja Surminski is the managing director of climate and sustainability for Marsh.

Extreme heat does not cause physical damage as severe as a flood or storm, but it can have a similar impact on the economy.

In a survey conducted by the European insurance regulator in 2023, 28% of small and medium-sized businesses had business interruption protection as part of their property insurance. 17% of these firms also had non-damage interruption coverage for events like strike action.

As the costs of extreme heat rise, so does the protection gap. The economic costs of extreme heat are increasing. Trains get delayed, farm yields drop and cooling costs in factories rise. Workers struggle to remain productive during extended periods of extreme temperatures.

When reporting their second-quarter earnings, companies such as the Swedish shopfitting company ITAB Group and Italian cement producer Buzzi warned of the potential impact that hot weather could have in future.

COMPOUND RISK

Heat is often a compounding risk that interacts with drought, wildfire, and water shortages, rather than triggering one identifiable loss event. This makes it more difficult to model and to insure than other?natural disasters.

Europe is the continent that has experienced the most rapid warming. Climate Monitor reported that the average temperature in Western Europe on August 11 was almost 10 degrees Celsius above the 1961-1990 average.

According to data compiled by the environmental disclosure platform CDP, 35% of the companies that it tracks identified heatwaves as an important risk factor, with businesses in manufacturing and services, infrastructure, and food sectors leading this group.

Insurance may cover certain physical losses resulting from events such as power outages. However, many businesses say that compensation is not enough to compensate for lost sales or reduced customer activity.

Luni stated that the real loss was the revenue and business activity you didn't have because of the outage.

In order to bridge this gap, insurers are increasingly looking at parametric products which pay out automatically if temperatures exceed certain thresholds. These policies are not indemnity-based, and do not require an 'extended loss-adjustment procedure.

According to KBV Research's report, the European market for parametric insurance is expected reach $7.93billion by 2031. The growth rate between 2025-2032 was 9.5%.

These policies are already used in agriculture where heat can reduce crop yields and livestock productivity. Industry experts see scope to expand these policies into other sectors, including transportation and worker protection.

"Parametric Insurance?can play a real role," said Aidan Kerr. He is the head of UK & Ireland Public Sector Solutions at Swiss Re.

Surminski, Marsh's Surminski, said that many companies would need to adapt their operations in order to be able to handle more extreme heat. This could include investing in cooling technology, redesigning the workplace and stress testing supply chains.

Take action to prevent losses, rather than addressing them after they have occurred.

(source: Reuters)