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What options does Iran have to escalate the situation in response to US economic threats?

LONDON, August 24 - U.S. threat to impose 'the toughest sanctions ever in history' to force Iran to submit to its demands following nearly six months of war has raised the prospect of another round of escalation?in?the Gulf.

How can Iran respond to economic pressure?

Can Iran stop more oil from leaving the Middle East? Mohsen Rezaei is the former chief of the 'Revolutionary Guards' and secretary of Iran’s Supreme 'National 'Security council. He has already threatened to stop oil exports, which has been one of Tehran's major strategic moves since the war started on February 28.

He said that if the economic war continued, "not a single drop of crude oil would be exported through the Strait of Hormuz or from anywhere else in the Persian Gulf."

Iranian threats and attacks on shipping have already halted most traffic in the Strait of Hormuz. This waterway carried around a quarter of the world's energy prior to the conflict. Despite some oil tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz in recent weeks the volume remained very low. On Sunday, Iran blacklisted 45 tanks for failing to adhere to the rules they want to impose to Hormuz shipping.

In the first six months of this conflict, missiles, speedboats or drones have been used to attack oil tankers leaving the Gulf. This has caused the price of oil to rise. Tehran's Houthi ally has restricted Red Sea shipping by threatening to block all Saudi Arabian shipping that carries crude oil to Asia via the Bab 'el-Mandeb Strait, past the group’s Yemeni stronghold. Initially, only a few vessels were stopped, but by mid-August more than half of the vessels had made it through. This is causing a problem for shippers, as Chinese shipping companies are now rerouting their ships away from Bab el-Mandeb. Sources in the industry say that further attacks such as Monday's attack on a vessel near the main Saudi Red Sea terminal at Yanbu or an early August drone strike near Suez Canal could increase oil market anxiety and crude oil price.

GULF STATES - STILL at Risk of IRANIAN Attack?

Iran has warned that it will retaliate if any of its neighbours join the U.S. in their efforts to choke off the economy of Iran with "earthquake force".

It has repeatedly targeted the Gulf States and Jordan during the war. The main focus was on U.S. military bases, but it also hit energy infrastructures and other targets.

Attacks on upstream oil and gas facilities, if intensified, could cause energy prices to rise even more. This could result in political damage for the Trump administration. It could also be harder to reverse compared with attacks on shipping. The targeting of power and desalination facilities in this hot, parched area would pose a serious risk to the U.S.-aligned Gulf kingdoms that are important financial hubs.

Can IRAN attack western countries directly?

The Revolutionary Guards have historically found ways to attack the West, even though they are out of range for Iran's primary munitions. Britain reported on Monday that hackers with ties to Iran had shut down a small power station, while U.S. officials said Tehran is likely responsible for cyber attacks against water plants in Minnesota. Iran hasn't commented on these allegations. Western security services also accuse Iran of recruiting locals to stage attacks or assassinate in the west. Iran denies that. (By Angus McDowall, Editing by Aiden Lewis)

(source: Reuters)