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India will purchase US arms, aircraft and energy

Officials from both countries confirmed that India would grant the United States limited access to the market for agricultural products, but still maintain important protections. This was announced as the outline of a trade deal aimed at reducing tariffs between U.S. president Donald Trump and Indian president Narendra Modi began to take shape. U.S. trade representative Jamieson Greer said to CNBC that the deal will reduce India's duties on American industrial products from 13.5% to zero and eliminate duties on U.S. fruit, vegetables, tree nuts, wine, and spirits. In exchange, the United States reduces its tariffs against Indian goods from 50% to 18%. This agreement follows months of tensions that have begun to ease between Trump and Modi in recent weeks. It also follows the big trade deal signed by Modi last month with the European Union. The agreement gives Trump a much-needed economic and foreign policy victory amid the domestic political turmoil that followed the murder of two U.S. Citizens by federal agents in Minneapolis during a crackdown against immigrants. A government official in India said on Tuesday that India will gradually increase its purchases of U.S. aircraft, pharmaceuticals, and defense and telecom products as part of this deal. The deal includes a multiyear commitment to purchase $500 billion of American goods.

The official added that the pact would be completed over time.

Official added that the deal includes a reduction in tariffs immediately on American cars.

No one has given a date of the start of the deal. Greer stated that U.S. officials and Indian officials are still working on putting the terms of the trade deal in writing. An official from the United States said that they hoped to finish this work by next week.

The agreement also requires India to stop its?purchases if Russian oil, in exchange for lower U.S. Tariffs on Indian Goods and the elimination of a 25% punitive tariff related to Russian Oil that Trump imposed last august.

The official from the United States said that the move was made possible by U.S. efforts to ease sanctions against the sale of Venezuelan crude oil, and by an explicit offer to India to resume its purchases.

The official stated that "it's objectively big news that we negotiated a deal with India on trade and that we resolved the long-standing oil issue which the Biden administration also raised." "There are two historic outcomes to this."

PARTIAL WIN AGRICULTURE

Greer stated that the two countries would finish putting the agreement on paper. "But we know all the specifics and details."

Greer said India will continue to fight for access, even though it would maintain some protections in "key areas" within its politically significant farm sector.

Greer stated that India's tariff cuts for nuts, fruits, vegetables, wine, and spirits were a "big victory" for U.S. Farmers, as it opened a market to over a billion people for more U.S. products. Greer didn't mention new U.S. market access for rice, beef or soybeans. She also did not mention sugar, dairy products, or sugar. These are commodities India has been very protective about and excluded from the recent trade agreement with the European Union.

Greer stated that the United States will maintain an 18% duty on Indian goods due to the size and growth in India's trade surplus with the U.S. This reached $53.5 billion over the first 11 month of 2025 up from $45.8 for the entire year of 2024.

The U.S. Tariff on Indian goods is lower than Trump's tariff of 19-20% for India's main Asian competitors Vietnam (or Thailand), Indonesia, and Bangladesh but higher than Japan (15%), South Korea (15%), and the EU (15%).

MODI'S MOMENT

According to a former U.S. government official close to the Trump Administration, the negotiations?for this deal had been dragging on for months. However, they came together quickly after Modi called Trump last week to thank him for helping India avoid conflict with Pakistan.

Former official stated that the terms of the deal were less appealing for India than they would have been if it had been done last summer. Former official said that India could have negotiated a 15% lower tariff rate and other provisions relating to generic drugs and micro-electronics.

An official from the United States familiar with the deal said that the target tariff rate was not determined in the summer of last year. The two sides agreed to lower the 25% rate for each country, but the replacement rate "wasn't set in stone."

The official stated that "there wasn't an agreement on the table with X,Y,Z provisions that they had agreed on." "We could have discussed these things more."

Non-tariff Barriers

Greer stated that the Trump Administration reached an "understanding with the Indians and also an agreement on a number of technical barriers to the trade in areas where the Indians have not accepted U.S. Standards. We know American products are safe."

Greer stated that there will be a "process for recognizing U.S. Standards", but India will need to follow its own political process in order to accept these standards.

Greer stated that India has been working to reduce imports of Russian crude oil since the end of last year. Greer said that India "made the right decision" by diversifying its energy purchases from Russia to the United States, Venezuela and other countries.

(source: Reuters)