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Investors pressure Amazon, Microsoft, and Google over water and power usage in US data centres

Investors pressure Amazon, Microsoft, and Google over water and power usage in US data centres
Investors pressure Amazon, Microsoft, and Google over water and power usage in US data centres

Amazon, Microsoft, and Alphabet’s Google all abandoned the construction of multi-billion dollar?data centres due to community opposition. Now the companies face shareholder pressure regarding the environmental impact of the?projects.

Interviews with have revealed that more than a dozen shareholders are putting pressure on tech companies to provide data about their water consumption and conservation efforts, as they look to increase computing power.

Andrea Ranger said that Trillium Asset Management of Boston, with assets of more than $4 billion, had filed a shareholder resolution in December asking Alphabet to clarify how it would meet its existing climate goals, given the increasing energy requirements of their data centers.

In 2020, the company committed to halving its emissions by 2030 and using carbon-free sources of energy. Trillium, however, said that emissions actually rose by 51% and left investors "inthe dark" as to how the company planned to achieve its goals.

Trillium's similar resolution?last year was supported by nearly a quarter (25%) of independent shareholders.

Giovanna Eichner, Green Century Capital Management's shareholder advocate, declined to provide more information. She said that the company was in talks with Nvidia regarding a proposed resolution, "to ensure?that short-term AI benefits do not come at a cost of climate and financial risks over time."

Shareholders are asking for more information on water consumption. According to market research firm Mordor Intelligence's data, North American data centres?used almost 1 trillion liters (roughly equivalent to New York City's annual water demands) in 2025.

The data on water usage varies. While Meta, Google and Microsoft have all begun using closed-loop refrigeration in their data centres, which uses much less, there are differences between the data. Meta's environmental report for 2025 showed the water consumption for its own sites, but not those it leased or was under construction. The total usage increased 51%, from 3,726 Megaliters in 2020, to 5,637 Megaliters by 2024. This is enough water to provide more than 13,000 households for an entire year.

Google's environmental report for 2025 only included data on the sites that it owned and leased, not those operated by others. Amazon and Microsoft reported the total water consumption, but did not break it down by location in their sustainability reports for 2025.

Josh Weissman said that Amazon "increasingly discloses site-specific data on water consumption where we operate." Amazon's spokesperson said that the company is "committed" to being a good neighbor and has invested in efficiency measures, bringing on new energy and reducing water consumption.

Investors said that site-level data is important because it helps them to assess operational risks, and how the company manages them. They also want to know more about the efforts to replenish water supplies.

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Jason Qi is a lead technology analyst at Calvert Research and Management.

Microsoft's spokesperson stated that environmental sustainability is "a core value". It also said it "proactively addresses sustainability challenges and accelerates solutions for long-term impacts."

Google's spokesperson declined to make any comments, and Meta didn't respond to a comment request. Dan Diorio is vice-president at?the Data Center Coalition. The lobby group includes the Big Four tech companies. He said that improving community engagement has become a priority in the past year. It is important to be upfront about energy and water usage, so residents understand that the project won't strain their resources and protects them as ratepayers. Reporting by Simon Jessop, Valerie Volcovici, and Supantha Mukerjee, in Stockholm. Dawn Kopecki and Chizu Nomiyama edited the story.

(source: Reuters)