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Venezuela's mining industry: More data is needed on its geological potential

Venezuela's mining industry: More data is needed on its geological potential
Venezuela's mining industry: More data is needed on its geological potential

Here are some facts about Venezuela's Mining Sector, which has attracted the interest of President Donald Trump's Administration.

CONFUSION AROUND RESOURCES AND RESERVES

Then-Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro, and Delcy Rodrguez, the?acting president, announced in 2019 a five-year plan to boost mineral extraction, as an alternative to oil production.

The previous year, Venezuela's government published data on its mineral deposits, using terms from the mining industry interchangeably. This included reserves and resources. It was difficult to determine whether Caracas understood its full potential.

A reserve is a volume estimate for a mineral which can be economically produced. The volume of a particular mineral in a region is called a resource, regardless of its economic production.

The 2018 report was published by Venezuela's Mining Ministry website as a "minerals catalog" for investors. It estimated that coal reserves were approximately 3 billion metric tonnes and nickel reserves at 407,885?metric tons.

The same report also estimated that a gold reserve of 644 metric tonnes, an iron ore of 14.68 billion metric tones -- although it was acknowledged that much of this estimate was speculative -- and a resource of bauxite of 321.5 millions metric tons.

Venezuela published in 2021 a map showing mineral reserves, based on 2009 data. The map listed antimony, copper and nickel reserves, as well as coltan, magnesium, molybdenum (molybdenum), titanium, tungsten, and silver. However, it did not include the volumes.

Rare earths are a grouping 17 minor metals which is used in magnets to turn energy into motion. The country doesn't appear to have large reserves. Rare earths is a subset critical minerals.

OPERATIONAL STATUS UNCLEAR

It is unclear what the operational status of mines linked to Maduro’s five-year plans are. Maduro's National Council for Productive Economy said late last year that national production of coal, gold and iron ore increased in the first quarters of 2025. However, it did not provide figures.

Venezuela nationalized the gold sector in 2011. The government controls CVG, a maker of iron and steel.

Last year, it was reported that Venezuela had restarted its coal production and aimed at exporting more than 10,000,000 metric tons by 2025. The government has not yet confirmed whether it met its target. The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that Venezuela produced 100,000 tons of coal in 2019 from 731 million tons of reserves.

USGS data for 2021 shows that Venezuelan bauxite production will be 250,000 metric tonnes, down from 2017's 550,000 metric tonnage. Iron ore production, on an iron content basis was 1,41 million metric tonnage, while gold production was only 480 kg.

The USGS estimated that alumina production, which is the substance that can be refined from bauxite to produce aluminum metal, would drop to 80,000 tons by 2021. This was down from the 240,000 tons produced four years ago. Aluminum production is estimated at 20,000 tons, a decrease from 144,000 tons in 2017.

(source: Reuters)