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UN warns about extreme heat from El Nino, urges preparation

On Tuesday, the United Nations weather agency predicted a moderate to strong 'El Nino which could increase global temperatures and increase extreme weather in the coming months. El Nino, or a periodic increase in sea surface temperature, is usually a nine to twelve month phenomenon, according the World Meteorological Organization.

WMO predicted that temperatures would be above average in most regions of the globe from June to August. El Nino is expected to continue through November, according to the WMO.

WMO Secretary General Celeste Saulo said: "We must prepare for a strong El Nino, which could exacerbate the drought and heavy rains and increase the risks of heatwaves on land and in the ocean."

It is well known that the weather pattern can disrupt regional climates and bring warmer temperatures to many regions, including southern South America, southern United States, Horn of Africa, central Asia, and parts of southern Africa. The WMO also said that it can cause droughts in Australia, Central America, Indonesia and parts of southern Asia. It could also lead to hurricanes in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean.

Saulo said that the most recent El Nino in 2023-24, contributed to 2024 being the hottest record year.

The risks include heat-related illness and disease. "Extreme temperatures are already among the most dangerous climate hazards that we face. An El Nino could increase the danger," Saulo said. There are risks such as increased heat-related illnesses, an increase in vector-borne disease and increased pressures on water and food systems.

She said that "communities who were already struggling would be pushed further beyond their limits".

WMO reported that a shift was observed in the Equatorial Pacific, where sea surface temperatures rose rapidly between late April and mid-May. This suggests El Nino conditions are developing. WMO said that it had observed subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific exceeding 6 degrees Celsius, creating a reservoir which is driving surface heating. Some national 'weather agencies' have predicted a ten-year high El Nino. They warn of drier, hotter weather in Asia during the second half 2026. This is likely to cause damage to crops and food supplies, as farmers are already struggling with fuel shortages, fertiliser shortages, and the Iran War. WMO stated that there is still uncertainty regarding the strength of El Nino, as some models do not predict a strong El Nino.

"The world needs to treat this as an urgent climate warning. El Nino conditions are a "fuel" to the fire that is global warming, said U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. He urged a switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

According to the WMO, while there is no evidence to suggest that climate change can increase the frequency or intensity El Nino patterns it can worsen associated impacts like extreme heatwaves and excessive rainfall. Reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin, Editing by Nigel Williams and Barbara Lewis

(source: Reuters)