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India is considering a nationwide climate-linked insurance scheme

India's government is in early stage talks with local insurance companies about designing a national climate-linked programme to simplify the payout process following extreme weather events like heatwaves and flooding.

The scheme would use a parametric model of insurance, in which policyholders get a payout when certain weather thresholds are exceeded, such as rain, temperature, or windspeed.

If the talks are successful, India – one of the countries most susceptible to extreme weather - could be the first major economy to implement such a program.

This would help to reduce costs for the government which currently uses disaster funds to assist states that are experiencing adverse climate events.

Ramaswamy Narayanan is the chairperson of the state-run reinsurer GIC re. He said: "We have seen an increase in the severity and frequency of adverse climate events, and this has led to the discussion with the Government."

In a parametric insurance model, payouts are made quickly. In traditional insurance, payments depend on the amount of loss and can take many years to assess. In areas with little or no traditional insurance, parametric insurance can be used.

According to an official in the federal government, officials support this idea even though there has not been a formal proposal made yet. Both the official and another insurance executive who declined to be named said that discussions were taking place.

Officials from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), the Finance Ministry, GIC Re, and other major insurers are currently exploring funding and coverage options, according to the official.

Requests for comments were not immediately responded to by the ministry, disaster management agency or India's insurance regulator IRDAI.

Globally, interest in parametric insurance has increased. In 2023, Fiji, the first Pacific Island country, adopted a sovereign parametric policy to secure coverage against tropical storms.

As part of the United Nations Environment Programme’s finance initiative, it is expected that financial instruments will also be prominently featured at COP30 in Brazil this year.

SEEKING COVER

According to the Germanwatch Global Climate Risk Index, 2025, India is ranked sixth in the world for climate vulnerability. This index tracked events from 1993 to 2022.

India has experienced more than 400 extreme weather events during this time, which resulted in over 80,000 deaths, and an economic loss of $180 billion.

In recent years, flooding has caused crop losses and livelihoods in key agricultural states like Punjab and Assam. Flash floods and land slides have also destroyed roads, bridges, and homes in Uttarakhand, Jammu, and Kashmir.

According to a government official, the federal government is looking at multiple financing options. These include tapping into existing disaster relief funds, or adding small fees to utility bills in order to pay for premiums.

The official said that if it is in line with the rules of urban local authorities, small deductions on utility bills may be considered. A consortium of insurance companies could enter into contracts with municipal corporations.

Seven industry executives stated that, apart from the federal level, some states are piloting such schemes, and more are in discussions with insurers about securing parametric coverage.

Last year, a group consisting of 50,000 women who are self-employed in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra received $5 when temperatures exceeded 40degC from May 18 to May 25.

After heavy rains earlier in the year, Nagaland in northeast India, which was India's first state to be covered by SBI General Insurance for disaster risks in 2024, got its first payout in May of $119,000 after excessive weather.

Kerala's cooperative milk marketing federation, located in southern Kerala, has also launched a scheme that protects cattle farmers from the losses they suffer during the summer months when temperatures rise and milk production drops.

"States look at a medium-term window for implementation." "These conversations are gaining momentum, and all insurance companies are attentive to the opportunities," said a senior executive of a leading private insurer.

(source: Reuters)