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Oil to have worst week for months due to Trump's new tariffs
Oil prices continued to fall in early Asian trading on Friday. They were on course for their worst week in several months due to U.S. president Donald Trump's tariffs. This stoked concerns about a possible global trade war, which could impact oil demand. Brent futures were down 31 cents or 0.4% to $69.83 per barrel at 0157 GMT. U.S. West Texas Intermediate Crude Futures fell 32 cents or 0.5% to $66.63. Brent is on track to suffer its largest weekly percentage loss since the week ending October 14 and WTI since January 21. The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC+), which is a group of oil-producing countries and their allies, has decided to move forward with their plan to increase the amount of oil produced. They now aim to return 411, 000 barrels per day in May instead of the 135,000 bpd originally planned. This brings forward the surplus we expect to see on the oil market in this year. Analysts at ING stated on Friday that more OPEC+ production should lead to a greater medium sour crude and a larger Brent-Dubai differential. This spread has been at a discount unusual for most of the year. Since Trump's Wednesday afternoon news conference, which he called 'Liberation Day' as he announced an initial 10% tariff on all imported goods to the United States along with higher duties for dozens of its biggest trading partners, both benchmarks have started falling. The new tariffs on imports of refined products, oil and gas were not applied to these products. However, the policy could increase inflation, slow down economic growth, and intensify trade conflicts, which would impact oil prices. Reporting by Sudarshan Varadhan. Gerry Doyle edited the story.
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Dollar and shares tumble as Trump tariffs cause recession fears
The stock market limped into the weekend on Friday. The dollar was headed for its worst month-end in a while, and gold flirted near a record high as investors worried that U.S. president Donald Trump's tariffs could tip the global economic system into recession. Asian shares have struggled to recover the heavy losses of Thursday's session. The Nikkei 225 index in Japan fell by 1.85%. This is a continuation of its 2.8% decline from last Thursday. MSCI's broadest Asia-Pacific index outside Japan fell 0.26% on thin trading, as markets in China Hong Kong and Taiwan were closed for the holiday. Overnight, the S&P 500 lost $2.4 trillion, which is their largest one-day drop since the global coronavirus outbreak on March 16, 2020. Other Wall Street indexes also saw sharp drops. Investors rushed to safety assets after Trump announced Washington's highest trade barriers in over 100 years on Wednesday. David Bahnsen is the chief investment officer of The Bahnsen Group. He said that if tariffs remain unchanged, a recession in Q2 or Q3 is possible as well as a bear market. The question is whether President Trump wants to take these policies off the table if we experience a stock market bear market. We think Trump will pivot and focus on companies making significant investments in America, but it is unclear if that would change the market sentiment. U.S. Stock Futures stabilized during the early Asian session. Nasdaq futures rose 0.05% while S&P500 futures declined 0.06%. In response to the increased fears of a global economic recession, especially in the United States of America, traders have stepped up their bets on more Federal Reserve rate reductions this year. They believe that policymakers will have to ease up more aggressively in order to boost growth in the largest economy in the world. Fed funds futures point to a roughly 96 basis point reduction by December. This was closer to 70 bps just before Trump announced his tariffs on Wednesday. David Doyle, Macquarie Group's head of economics, said that central banks were not equipped to handle stagflation because the effects of lower growth and higher inflation push policy in opposite directions. This means that a stronger core inflation will likely limit the extent of the Fed's policy response due to the headwinds for growth created." Investors will be watching for Fed Chair Jerome Powell's speech on Friday. They are interested in his assessment of the U.S. economic situation and the outlook on policy following Trump's latest tariff salvo. The dollar rose 0.09% to 146.23 yen on the foreign exchange markets, after falling 2.2% the previous day, its steepest drop in over two years. The euro remained at $1.1043 following a 1.9% increase on Thursday. Meanwhile, the Swiss Franc was last at $0.8591 after also gaining 2.6% on that day. The dollar was at 102.04 against a basket. This is a new six-month low. The U.S. Dollar has been weakening this year due to a combination of heavy long positions built up at the end of last year and the renewed focus on U.S. economic growth risks, which have accompanied the tariff talks for weeks. Bond prices have also soared as investors flee to safe assets. The 10-year U.S. Treasury benchmark yield, which had fallen by 14 basis points in the previous session, was little changed last week at 4.0436%. Bond yields are inversely related to bond prices. Spot gold, meanwhile, was nearing a record high of $3,112,81 per ounce and on course for a fifth consecutive weekly gain as concerns about the impact Trump's tariffs would have on the global economic system boosted its appeal as a safe-haven metal. Brent crude futures were down 0.13% to $70.05 per barrel while U.S. West Texas Intermediate Crude futures dropped 0.15% at $66.85 a barrel.
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Mexico's 'cool-headed approach' to Trump's Tariffs has paid off
Mexico's "coolheaded" approach towards U.S. president Donald Trump's tariff offense has paid off with preferential treatment and a strong working relationship with Trump's trade team this week, Mexico's deputy economic secretary said on Thursday. Luis Rosendo Gutierrez said that the undersecretary of international trade for Mexico, Luis Rosendo Gutierrez stated in an interview, that Mexican officials would meet with U.S. Trade Rep Jamieson Greer and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick next week to discuss U.S. Tariffs on Auto Imports, Steel and Aluminum, and their state. The U.S., Mexico and Canada Agreement (which has been in place for nearly five years) will also be reviewed. Gutierrez stated that "the instruction from President Claudia Sheinbaum is to work closely with the United States Government looking for fair and preferential treatments, and be cool-headed in doing so." "I think this strategy was the best. "To be close, constructive and to make proposals to the United States." Mexico and Canada largely avoided Trump's 10% global baseline tariff on Wednesday, as well as the steeper "reciprocal" tariffs for many trading partners. Mexico still faces a 25% tariff on fentanyl, but the exemption for USMCA compliant goods has been extended indefinitely. If the fentanyl issue is resolved, these tariffs will fall to 12%. Mexico is still subject to separate 25% tariffs on autos and auto parts, but without U.S. content. And 25% duties on steel imports. Mexico, unlike Canada, has not taken retaliatory actions against U.S. imports as part of the trade dispute. Instead, it prefers to engage in a more constructive dialogue. Mark Carney, the Canadian Prime Minister, announced on Thursday limited countermeasures to about $25 billion of U.S. imported goods. Gutierrez stated, "We would love to see these tariffs reduced." "We need to negotiate in order to try and improve conditions not only for Mexico but also for the United States. This idea will be complementary to our economies." He said that at the meetings next week, Mexican officials will bring up USMCA letters that were agreed upon by Trump's previous administration. These side letters granted Mexico and Canada generous duty-free auto import quotas in case Section 232 tariffs on automobiles are imposed. Trump's administration does not plan to honor its commitments. (Reporting and editing by Sandra Maler, Chris Reese and David Lawder)
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Prince William of the UK takes his Earthshot Prize on a trip to Brazil
Prince William of Britain announced on Friday, in the presence of celebrities and soccer players, that he will take his annual award ceremony for a multi-million dollar prize for environmental protection to Brazil this coming year. In 2020, the heir to the throne announced the Earthshot Prize with the goal of making significant progress towards solving environmental problems in a decade. The "moonshot project" of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy, which led to 1969's lunar landing, is a nod to this award, which seeks to find innovative solutions to climate change and other environmental issues. Five winners will receive 1 million pounds ($1.3million) each for their projects. The awards ceremony for this year will take place shortly before the UN Climate Summit COP30, which is also taking place in Brazil in Nov. William announced in a video that accompanied the announcement, "I am pleased to announce that we will be in Brazil by 2025." "We need to be optimistic now more than ever. I think Brazil is the perfect example of that. I can't even believe we have reached half-way in 10 years." The previous award ceremonies were held in London and Boston. They were supported by philanthropists and global organisations. The Earthshot video also featured the actress Cate Blankhett, the model Heidi Klum and Brazil's most-capped soccer player Cafu. Beckham stated, "I am so, so excited about (Brazil), where nature and culture are intertwined." (Reporting and editing by William James; Michael Holden)
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Elliott says Phillips 66 shares could reach $200 if there are changes
Elliott Investment Management stated on Thursday that Phillips 66 stock could almost double to $200 if it sold or spun off its midstream businesses, and focused more on refining. The activist investor who owns a stake of $2.5 billion in the company has also reduced the number to four directors that it intends to nominate for the board. Previously, the number was seven. Phillips 66, in a letter to shareholders published in a regulatory filing on Thursday, wrote: "With resolute action and decisive actions, Phillips 66 will deliver much greater returns to its shareholders than they have in the past decade." The hedge fund said that "sweeping changes" are also needed to the company’s structure, operations and board. Elliott nominated 7 director candidates for the board at the beginning of March, but had planned to reduce that number to 4, according to a person with knowledge in the matter. Investors will vote for directors on the 21st of May unless both sides come to an agreement prior. Candidates include former ConocoPhillips executives Sigmund and Brian Coffman; Michael Heim, founder of midstream operator Targa Resources, and Stacy Nieuwoudt. Nieuwoudt was a former energy consultant at Citadel. Elliott stated that new independent directors were needed to oversee management better and to persuade BP to sell or spin off its midstream business in order to concentrate on refining. The company has also been criticized for its governance in which not all directors are elected annually. The company refused to comment. Phillips 66's shares closed at $107.18, down 13.6% after a widespread sell-off on Wall Street. The company now has a $43.7 billion market value. Elliott reiterated his long-held opinion that the midstream business should be spun off or sold. The letter also suggested that retail operations in Europe and its interest in CPChem (a joint venture between Chevron and CPChem) should be sold. Elliott is fighting Phillips 66 for the second time after pushing for strategic improvements late in 2023. The hedge fund approved the appointment of Robert Pease as a director to the company's board in early 2024. The tensions between the activist investor and the director have now escalated after Pease, in a letter sent to shareholders last Thursday, defended the performance of the company and referred to Elliott's actions as "inconsistent" and "peculiar." The hedge fund wants to replace him by the candidates that it nominated in this year. In a letter sent to its shareholders on Thursday, Elliott said that it was confused after Pease failed to follow the best governance practices he had promised the hedge fund. It said that it had been patient with Phillips 66, and only approached the company anew after failing to see "demonstrable improvements." Reporting by Svea Autumn-Bayliss and Vallari Srivastava, both in New York; editing by Shrey Biswas and Jamie Freed
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Dollar falls amid Trump tariffs, as fears of recession fuel US stock market decline
The dollar fell on Thursday as U.S. President Donald Trump’s trade tariffs caused investors to flee for safe havens like bonds and yen. S&P 500 companies have lost $2.4 trillion combined in market value. This is their largest one-day drop since the global coronavirus pandemic began on March 16, 2019. Nasdaq composite index led declines Wall Street ended the day with a 5.97% decline, its largest daily drop since March 2020. The S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and Dow Jones Industrial Average also posted their largest daily percentage drops since June 2020. The new 10% baseline tariff on imported products and the retaliatory tariffs that Trump imposed on dozens countries with unfair trade barriers shook traders. Investors are concerned that a full-blown dispute over trade could lead to a global economic slowdown, and even inflation. The latest round of U.S. tariffs has hit a world economy still recovering from the inflation spike after the pandemic and dealing with geopolitical tensions. Peter Tuz of Chase Investment Counsel, Charlottesville, Virginia, said: "Markets plunged today. I view it as an almost complete reset of how investors will think going forward." The market is lowering expectations for revenue and earnings in the U.S. and around the world. The market reflects reduced growth, decreased earnings, and reduced revenue. Apple shares fell by 9.2% due to the tariffs imposed on China, where the company does most of its manufacturing. Amazon.com fell 9%, Microsoft dropped 2.4%, while Nvidia dropped 7.8%. The S&P 500 Technology index dropped 6.9%. S&P 500's energy sector fell 7.5% with oil prices dropping more than 6% in a single day. The CBOE Volatility Index, also known as Wall Street’s Fear Gauge, has risen to 30,02, its highest level since August 5, 2020. The Dow dropped 1,679.39, or 3.98% to 40,545.93. The S&P 500 fell 274.45, or 4.84% to 5,396.52 while the Nasdaq Composite fell 1,050.44 or 5.97% to 16,550.61. MSCI's global stock index fell 28.47, or 3.41% to 807.64. This was its largest daily percentage drop since June 2022. U.S. dollar Also, the dollar weakened dramatically. The dollar dropped 1.95% to 146.445 Japanese yen and fell 2.35% to the Swiss franc. RECIPROCAL LEVY The 27-country EU block in Europe now faces a reciprocal 20% levy. The pan-European STOXX 600 Index fell by 2.57%. Trump's tariffs were particularly harsh on Asia. China received a reciprocal tariff of 34%, Japan was hit by 24%, South Korea with 25%, and Vietnam with 46%. Nigel Green is the CEO of deVere Group, a global financial advisory firm. He said: "This is what you do when you claim to supercharge the economic engine of the world." The rush to buy ultra-safe government securities that guarantee a steady income has driven down U.S. Treasury rates. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury bill in the United States fell 14.6 basis points, to 4,049%. It had previously fallen to 4.004%. This was its lowest level since November 25. The yield of the 10-year Treasury note is on course for its largest daily decline since August 2. The yields on government bonds in the Eurozone fell, with Germany's 10-year bond yield, which is the benchmark for the region, reaching its lowest level since March 4. If tariffs cause recessions, the central banks of the world will likely lower interest rates. This is good for bonds. Fitch, a credit rating agency, warned that they could be a game-changer for the U.S. economy and global economies. Deutsche Bank said it was a moment "once in a life time" which could reduce U.S. economic growth by 1%-1.5% this year. Oil prices Dropped After Trump announced his new trade tariffs, OPEC+ agreed on a surprise production increase. Brent futures ended at $70.14 per barrel, down by $4.81 or 6.42%. U.S. West Texas Intermediate Crude Futures ended at $66.95 per barrel, down by $4.76 or 6.64%. Gold reached a record-high above $3,160 per ounce but then lost steam. Last, spot gold fell 0.85% to $3,106.99 per ounce.
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Exxon says higher gas and oil prices will boost profits in Q1
Exxon Mobil said on Thursday that the higher prices of crude oil, natural gas and oil refining will boost its first-quarter profits by $900 million over the previous quarter. Exxon Mobil, the largest U.S. energy company, gets most of its operating profits from oil and gas production. Its earnings snapshot is closely monitored for clues as to how the industry will do when companies report quarterly results in the next few weeks. Benchmark Brent crude averaged $74.98 per barrel in the first quarter. This was up 1.3% compared to the previous quarter but down by 9% compared to a year earlier. U.S. Natural Gas prices increased 30% from the fourth quarter, due to a higher demand caused by a colder winter in the U.S. In a SEC filing, the company stated that higher oil refining margins would also boost earnings from $300 million to $700 millions compared to fourth quarter. According to estimates compiled LSEG by LSEG analysts expect Exxon will post an adjusted profit per share of $1.70 in the first three months, up from the $1.67 in the previous quarter. Exxon announced that it would announce its first-quarter results on May 2, 2018. The snapshot of earnings covers a turbulent first quarter, during which the Trump administration in the United States announced tariffs against energy imports from Canada or Mexico and then reversed them. In March, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries announced that it would increase oil production for the first since 2022. Exxon's earnings for the fourth quarter were $7.39 billion and the earnings for the first quarter last year were $8.22 billion. Exxon shares rose slightly in extended trading after closing 5.3% lower, tracking sharp drops in crude prices. This was after OPEC+ agreed on a surprise rise in production a day after Trump's announcement of new import tariffs. Reporting by Vallari Shrivastava from Bengaluru, and Sheila Dang from Houston; editing by Shreya biswas and Jamie Freed
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The US offers billions in Congo mineral investment after tariffs
President Donald Trump’s senior advisor for Africa revealed during a Thursday visit that the United States was in talks with Congo to invest billions in the mineral-rich country and to end a conflict that is raging there. The Democratic Republic of Congo has huge reserves of cobalt and lithium, among other minerals. It has been fighting Rwandan-backed M23 Rebels, who have taken over large areas of its territory in this year. The U.S., which on Wednesday sent shockwaves across the world by announcing a 10% baseline tariff on all imports, said last month that it is open to exploring critical minerals partnerships with Congo after a Congolese senator contacted U.S. officials to pitch a minerals-for-security deal. You have heard of a mineral agreement. After meeting Congo President Felix Tshisekedi, U.S. Senior Advisor Massad Boulos stated that the U.S. had reviewed the Congo proposal and "the president and I agreed on a way forward for its future development". On Thursday, the details of any possible deal or Congo's offer were not made public. The minerals of Congo, which are used to make mobile phones and electric vehicles, are currently controlled by China and Chinese mining companies. Boulos said that U.S. firms will be involved. Rest assured that American companies will operate transparently, and stimulate local economies. "These are multi-billion dollar investments," he stated. Joseph Bangakya is a Congolese MP and the president of a Congo - U.S. friendship group. He said that members were preparing legislation to improve the business climate in Central Africa. He said that achieving a trade deal with the United States was essential. Boulos said that the U.S. wanted to help bring peace to the east, where M23 has taken over two of eastern Congo's largest cities and thousands have died. He said, "We want to have a lasting peace which affirms the territorial and sovereign integrity of the DRC." "There is no economic prosperity without safety." (Written by Edward McAllister, edited by Mark Heinrich and Portia crowe)
UNIQUE REPORT-' Sustainable' logging operations are clear-cutting Canada's climate-fighting forests
With its vast areas of forest, Canada has the most licensed sustainable timber operations of any nation, according to the not-for-profit companies that attest to the ecological stability of logging practices.
Such forestry-standards groups were born in the 1990s out of rage over tropical jungle damage. Today, they put their leafy seals of approval on toilet paper, two-by-fours and other wood and paper items to ensure eco-conscious customers and investors they were properly produced.
Yet research shows Canadian forests have actually seen a few of the world's biggest decreases in environmentally critical main and old-growth forests over the last 20 years, even as sustainability-certification programs grew to include almost all of Canada's logging.
To track damage of older forests in these accredited zones, Reuters evaluated forestry data in Ontario, a major logging province. The analysis found that about 30% of the licensed boreal forests harvested from 2016 to 2020 were at least 100 years of ages. That resulted in the loss of 377 square miles of these older forests, an area the size of New york city City and Washington D.C. integrated, the analysis found.
Canada's forests-- accounting for 9% of the world's total--. are considered important to including international warming. Ecological advocates have actually long pressed to end visiting. main or old-growth forests, which soak up far more. climate-damaging carbon than logged-and-replanted locations. Main. forests are those that reveal no sign of previous harvesting. They. can consist of old-growth areas-- some with trees hundreds or. thousands of years old-- however also fairly newer forests. that, for example, might have regrown after wildfires.
Forest-certification nonprofits have chosen to enable logging. of older forests through a host of concessions to industry. The. harvesting of such areas in Ontario came in spite of the reality that. 94% of the province's managed forests are certified by one of. the 2 dominant environmental-certification organizations in. Canada, the analysis found. Reuters analyzed satellite-derived. logging information, government forest-age quotes and. forest-certification maps to approximate the harvest of forests at. least 100 years of ages in Ontario's licensed zones.
Why the heck are they enabling logging-- licensed logging. -- in main forests that are over 100 years old? asked. Dominick DellaSala, a conservation biologist with ecological. group Wild Heritage who studies Canadian logging impacts. For. Canada to claim that it's doing sustainable management, it's. absurd. To put a certification seal of approval on it is more. disconcerting.
The quick loss of older Canadian forests highlights the. flaws of certification programs that have actually come under heavy. influence of the logging and forest-products industries, a. Reuters examination has discovered. The damage has come under the. watch of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), the world's very first. such certification organization, founded in 1993 with. ecologist support; and the Sustainable Forestry. Effort (SFI), a competing established by a timber and. forest-products trade group the list below year.
This account is based upon the Reuters analysis of Ontario. forests, a review of numerous pages of FSC and SFI audits,. in addition to policy and method files, and interviews with 20. present or former FSC staff members or members and more than a. half-dozen researchers who study the environmental impacts of. Canadian logging.
In a declaration, FSC stated it has not fluctuated from its. original dedication to responsible forest management which. its certification requirements are robust and trustworthy. SFI said. its requirements are strong and constantly improving and that. its certification has actually ended up being a extremely relied on solution to the. growing demand for products from sustainably managed forests.
Neither company commented on the Reuters analysis or on. whether they thought about gathering large areas of century-old. forests to be sustainable.
The FSC and SFI accredit logging business' practices in. particular forests and examine consumer-product supply chains. Their seals of approval-- a leaf insignia for SFI, and a tree. with a checkmark for the FSC-- have actually ended up being essential to wood. and forest-products companies amidst rising pressure for ecological. stewardship.
But these business hold immense take advantage of over the big. forest-certification nonprofits, which depend heavily on the. market for funding through certification charges, Reuters found. And because its creation, the FSC has watered down its forestry. standards in action to the competitive threat posed by SFI and. other industry-friendly certifiers, according to. ecologists and more than a lots existing and previous FSC. staffers and members, who recommend the company on policy and. strategy.
Companies are totally free to choose which certifier to utilize,. permitting them to prevent those with stricter standards and providing. them influence to lobby all certifiers for permissive policies, stated. the FSC staffers and members.
Extensive accreditation of British Columbia lumber. operations over the previous two decades hasn't stopped the. disappearance of more than half of the province's old-growth. woodlands over that duration. Logging caused the large majority of. the decreases in the most significant old-growth trees storing one of the most. carbon, according to one 2021 study in the Canadian Journal of. Forest Research and another last year in the journal Frontiers. in Forests and Global Modification. Studies in 2009 and 2017 analyzed. areas of Quebec forests and discovered areas of forests. controlled by trees more than a century old had diminished to. in between 13% and 28% of the forest amid heavy logging. Without. logging, these older areas would account for in between 40% and. 68% of these forests, the scientists estimated.
Herb Hammond, an experienced forest ecologist, ran a British. Columbia not-for-profit company that carried out a few of Canada's. initially FSC audits in the late 1990s. He later on left the. organization, annoyed with what he described as too many. compromises with industry.
It's easy to pull the wool over people's eyes about what is. great forestry, he stated. Certification has ended up being a. little a pet's breakfast. It does not really suggest anything.
A 'CHESS RELOCATION'
Forestry certification has become common in the global. forest-products trade, assisting business such as Procter && . Gamble, Starbucks and Penguin Random Home appeal to. eco-conscious consumers and investors. Those three companies. decreased to comment.
The certifying trend began in the 1990s when environmental. organizations including Greenpeace, Buddies of the Earth and the. World Wildlife Fund helped release the FSC after stopping working to. safe forest-conservation promises from federal governments worldwide. They wished to incentivize business instead with a market-driven. system that branded items as sustainable, stimulating demand. from critical buyers. The FSC was established in 1993 with a. membership of organization, environmental and community. agents.
Still, lots of companies were wary of aligning with. environmentalists. The following year, the American Forest &&. Paper Association, a trade-group, started the SFI as an. industry-friendly alternative. The trade association said its. discussions about sustainable forestry began previously, in 1990,. and consisted of input from academics and preservation groups.
Competitors from the industry-backed SFI required the FSC to. reckon with how to preserve rigorous forestry standards while. hiring companies to certify, 10 present and former FSC. members stated. A 2002 FSC management report highlighted the need. to quickly increase the supply of qualified wood or run the risk of. losing out to an ever-increasing number of completing. accreditation schemes.
The FSC introduced an internal push to improve its market share. that led to compromises with market and weaker harvesting. limitations, according to FSC documents and the FSC members.
Compromising FSC requirements didn't stop the SFI's development,. nevertheless. The FSC accredited about 46 million hectares of Canadian. forests at the end of 2023, less than half the SFI's 119 million. hectares, according to the Forest Products Association of. Canada, a market group. Worldwide, the FSC accredits 160. million hectares compared to 295 million hectares by the. Programme for the Recommendation of Forest Accreditation (PEFC). The PEFC is a global company that oversees the SFI, which. covers The United States and Canada, and affiliated certifiers in other. areas.
Both the FSC and the SFI largely make it through on industry-paid. charges. FSC International reported in 2022 that such fees. accounted for 86% of its $58 million in annual earnings. The SFI. derived 77% of its $12 million in profits from such fees,. according to its 2022 tax return.
Some ecological groups and supporters, while acknowledging. the FSC's drawbacks, continue to view the organization as the. best option amongst imperfect alternatives. Jen Skene, a policy. director at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said FSC. certification represents a minimum standard.
FSC is the most reputable certification system out there,. she said, while adding that it must be deemed a floor, not. a ceiling for sustainability standards.
FSC told Reuters it had actually not damaged requirements in action. to SFI competition. Instead, FSC said, the competition has prompted. it to improve and fine-tune its certification process to make sure. it stays the gold requirement for responsible forestry.
SFI said competition among certifiers does not exert a. down pressure on requirements but rather promotes continuous. improvement. The PEFC stated it allows regional groups including. the SFI to develop their own standards, which the PEFC said. adds to long-lasting commitment to sustainable forest. management practices.
Though some corporations prefer FSC-certified wood, few. clients understand the difference among accrediting groups and their. labels.
Peter Wood, a forestry speaker at the University of British. Columbia who has served on FSC-rulemaking committees, called the. SFI's creation a chess move.
The industry wished to take the power far from FSC, and it. worked, he stated. Now, everything is certified.
RACE TO THE BOTTOM
FSC's early standards highlighted the need to safeguard main. and old-growth forests. One pivotal provision read: Main. forests ... will be conserved. Such areas shall not be replaced. by tree plantations or other land usages.
However business grumbled the policy was too limiting and. difficult to enforce, said Grant Rosoman, a Greenpeace forests. advisor and former FSC International board member.
FSC members spent years disputing policy changes and in 1999. eliminated requirements to save primary forests. Rather, the. FSC adopted a more subjective requirement to safeguard forests. with high preservation value, based upon an intricate matrix of. ecological, financial and cultural qualities.
That unclear language, still in effect, gives business broad. impact over which forests get approved for protection. It has likewise. spawned a market of specialists-- hired and paid by. forest-products companies-- to perform studies determining which. forests have high conservation value, according to FSC audits. and six current and former FSC members.
Rosoman of Greenpeace was among the FSC's members who. approved the language at the time. He now regrets it, believing. its subjectivity allowed damage of critical forests. The. continued logging of main forests and old-growth forests was. never ever dealt with, he stated.
FSC acknowledged that its rules enable accredited logging in. such areas but said the high conservation worth designation aims. to ensure such harvesting is performed with the greatest level. of analysis and duty.
In another significant concession, FSC in 2004 presented the FSC. Mix system, which created a brand-new label for products including. up to 30% wood from non-certified sources.
The relocation came after pressure from pulp-and-paper companies. consisting of Klabin of Brazil, SCA of Sweden and Mondi of South. Africa, along with book publishers and furniture makers,. stated Rosoman, who took part in the negotiations.
Mondi did not comment. SCA said it might not address its. role at the time due to the fact that the business has actually since been divided into. 2 firms. Klabin did not address concerns on whether the. business affected the FSC Mix guidelines. However it said the label. alleviated the logistical concern of separating wood from certified. and non-certified sources, a view echoed by SCA.
FSC Mix has given that become the certification group's dominant. label, accounting for more than three-fourths of the FSC-product. trade, according to a 2017 FSC paper. The paper added that FSC. Mix was the main source of income for the operating costs of. FSC.
The FSC informed Reuters it does not know what portion of. FSC-certified items use the Mix label today. The label, it. said, helps business shift to more sustainable. practices.
FSC Mix guidelines provide companies wide latitude to use the label. Some consumer-products companies are enabled to put the Mix label on. products that contain no FSC-certified material at all because. the FSC gives them credit for certified content in other. items they offer.
The SFI likewise offers a label-- SFI Licensed Sourcing--. that makes no assurances that items contain any wood from. licensed forests, so long as business meet certain other. conditions.
Phil Guillery, a previous FSC United States board member and. supply chain stability director, stated permitting uncertified wood. into the FSC system brought a lot more timber and forest-products. companies into the organization and gave them more influence.
They understood and learned about the politics of FSC, and. they became extremely effective, he said.
Wood, the University of British Columbia lecturer, served on. 2 FSC groups that starting in 2011 attempted to revamp what. internal critics had actually called a weak system of company. self-assessments to guarantee their FSC Mix products did not. contain wood from undesirable sources, such as unlawfully. gathered forests. The guidelines modifications took eight years in a. procedure that was greatly affected by market, he said.
The FSC informed Reuters the procedure resulted in a considerable. reinforcing of rules governing non-certified wood. Wood had a. various take, stating the limitless deliberations did little to. screen out problematic sources of timber. He called his. involvement a horrible experience.
I just wished to turn away from the whole project, he. stated, and alert people: 'Don't trust it.'
QUALIFIED FOREST DESTRUCTION
Environmentalists slam the FSC but normally take a. harsher view of the SFI, mentioning its founding by a market. group and weaker forestry requirements.
The SFI disagreements that it serves just industry interests,. informing Reuters its standards show input from a varied group. of collaborators including ecologists on its board.
Environmental groups consisting of the Sierra Club, Stand.earth. and the Natural Resources Defense Council state the impact of the. SFI's industry-friendly method is clear in British Columbia,. where the organization has actually dominated accreditation.
The province, a showcase of Canada's raw beauty and diverse. ecosystems, has seen old-growth forests decrease by more than 50%. over the last twenty years, according to the 2021 and 2023. studies. A subset of highly productive old-growth woodlands--. forests with the largest trees saving the most carbon, and also. the most attractive to logging companies-- has declined by an. approximated 85%.
The SFI became the certifier of choice in British Columbia. largely due to the fact that market viewed the FSC's early guidelines as too. burdensome, said Karen Tam Wu, an FSC specialist during the 2000s.
The wood market and Canada's government share in the. logging wealth. Canada's forests are normally on public land,. which implies provincial federal governments get a cut of the profits from. every dropped tree. In British Columbia, that amounted to more than. $ 7.3 billion over the decade ending in March of this year,. according to the province's forest ministry.
British Columbia in 2020 revealed a strategy to protect its. decreasing old-growth forests after years of public pressure. A. year later on, authorities launched maps revealing at-risk areas where. it required a deferral of logging. But the federal government never ever. barred visiting those zones, instead leaving it to industry. discretion.
Some significant companies picked instead to continue harvesting,. including Vancouver-based Canfor Corp, an international timber-and-pulp. manufacturer.
Canfor in 2022 whacked about 3,700 acres of old-growth. forest the federal government had recommended for deferral of logging,. according to satellite images analysis from Stand.earth. The. provincial federal government stated previously this year that more than. 50,000 acres of old-growth forest had been gathered in areas it. sought to protect.
BC's Ministry of Forests stated it is not seeking to end all. old-growth logging which harvesting in some areas is. possible and essential to support regional, sustainable tasks. while safeguarding forests.
SFI certified Canfor's large western Canada operations in. 2019, 2021, 2022 and again last year. None of the openly. launched audit summaries ever discussed the cutting of. old-growth forests. Significant auditing firm KPMG, which conducted. the evaluations, had no remark.
Nothing in SFI's standards would have avoided logging of. old-growth forests.
SFI said old-growth-forest harvesting in British Columbia is. contentious, including settlements among governments,. industry and indigenous communities. It said its standards. require compliance with all appropriate laws.
Canfor stated it is dealing with native groups,. neighborhoods and government to review old-growth management and. look for input into our proposed harvesting.
' LIKE PRINTING CASH'
Logging companies' capability to select their own watchdogs. poses the biggest barrier to promoting high sustainability. standards, environmental advocates said.
The auditing structure all but assurances logging business. can get certified, said Simon Counsell, who was an FSC starting. member while with the not-for-profit group Pals of the Earth. He's. now an FSC critic.
There's a clear, vested financial interest for the. auditor, since giving FSC accreditations leads to more. auditing opportunities, Counsell said. It's like printing. cash.
The FSC stated it prevents conflicts of interest by outsourcing. evaluations and accreditation to independent auditors who take a look at. business' forestry practices and are paid by the firms being. accredited. The companies, it said, pay a separate yearly. administration charge based upon their forest-products profits that. goes to the FSC after being collected by the auditor.
In one example of industry impact over sustainability. audits, a significant Canadian wood company, Resolute Forest. Products, defeated an effort in 2014 to remove its FSC. certification in a western Ontario forest by taking legal action against and. eventually shooting its auditor.
Resolute for many years dealt with charges from researchers and. environmentalists that its clear-cuts in the FSC-certified Black. Spruce Forest had actually decimated environment for threatened forest. caribou. As early as 2012, auditors at the Rain forest Alliance,. a nonprofit employed by Resolute, found the lumber company failed. to fulfill FSC habitat-protection requirements. Another 2013. Jungle Alliance audit took a look at grievances from ecological. groups that Resolute's logging will lead to the extirpation of. caribou from the Black Spruce Forest.
Auditors suspended Resolute's accreditation in January 2014,. mentioning a failure to satisfy FSC forest-protection requirements. In. May 2014, Resolute sued the Rain forest Alliance and its. auditors, personally, calling their reviews flawed and biased. The company sought $400,000 in damages. It likewise asked for an. injunction obstructing the audit's public release, which an Ontario. court gave. The suit noted that accreditation was. important to Resolute's service design.
The suit was settled in 2015, with the alliance concurring. to designate brand-new auditors to renovate Resolute's unfavorable evaluation. The. follow-up audit discovered Resolute satisfied FSC requirements and had. dealt with the problems from the earlier audit.
Chris Wedeles, one of the original auditors Resolute sued,. said he was disappointed that the new auditors examined the. very same evidence and pertained to a different conclusion.
The Rainforest Alliance renewed Resolute's certification. Undaunted dumped the alliance anyway, moving its auditing. business in 2016 to SAI Global, which has re-certified the. business every year because.
After the settlement, Resolute's then-CEO Richard Garneau. told FSC's global director general in a 2015 letter that. the firm would take out of FSC unless the certifier dealt with. the business's grievances about burdensome FSC requirements. A. leading Undaunted executive was chosen to FSC Canada's board in 2021. and continues to serve today.
Resolute did not respond to questions about its forestry. practices or its claim but said it supports the highest. standards in forestry management.
SAI Global, Garneau and the Rainforest Alliance, which no. longer carries out FSC forestry audits, declined to comment.
The FSC stated it was not associated with the conflict in between. Resolute and its auditor which it wasn't affected to change. its standards by Garneau's 2015 letter. FSC indicated current. suspensions of certifications in Quebec as evidence of its. dedication to protect caribou.
Meanwhile, problems with caribou in the Black Spruce Forest. continue.
In 2020 and 2021, SAI Global auditors found that Resolute. might not corroborate the effectiveness of its. caribou-conservation plan. The auditors dealt with the matter,. however, after an Undaunted specialist argued that logging would. decrease to a level that could sustain caribou populations--. though not until 2039.
BULLDOZING FORESTS FOR OIL
One of the world's largest stretches of certified forests is. in northern Alberta, where the FSC has actually accepted the logging. practices of Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.
. Over the last twenty years, about 878,000 acres of these. woodlands, a location more than twice the size of Los Angeles, have. been set aside to make way for oil companies to operate open-pit. mines, drilling websites and pipelines in Canada's oil sands. The. oil exploration involves clear-cutting and bulldozing the. forest. Some ecologists consider it one of the world's. most devastating industrial tasks.
Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries holds logging rights to. the forest, that includes old-growth forests, according to. company disclosures and ecological research studies. A clause in the. business's contract with Alberta permits regulators to designate. chunks of the woods for oil-and-gas development.
When that happens, the FSC allows Alberta-Pacific to do a. carve-out: eliminating the FSC certification from the land significant. for oil advancement, while keeping accreditation for the. surrounding forest. The plan has actually enabled Alberta-Pacific. to maintain accreditation in the area since 2005 despite the. oil-related damage.
FSC said it motivates qualified firms to participate in. dialogue and utilize their impact to impact land-use decisions. such as oil-and-gas advancement. But the company said such. choices are outside of FSC's direct accreditation scope and. are governed by provincial and national laws.
Alberta-Pacific said it is proud to have actually been FSC-certified. considering that 2005 which it has a goal of maintaining biodiversity. and other forest values. It said FSC's policies allow. carve-outs for oil development because the resulting. ecological effects are beyond the full control of. Alberta-Pacific.
Alberta-Pacific earns money from the oil development: Under. a contract with Alberta, it receives settlement from. oil-and-gas firms for the ruined forests. It can likewise offer. wood from forests cleared for oil mining under the FSC Mix. label, FSC audits program.
Some of the oil is extracted through surface area mining, a. procedure that needs the forest to be bulldozed and removed of. vegetation and soil to make way for pits that can be numerous. feet deep.
The mining is completely unsustainable, said Barry Robinson,. an Alberta ecological attorney who has specialized in. oil-and-gas problems. It will be generations before it ever grows. trees once again.
(source: Reuters)