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Women gold miners in Peru's Amazon ditch toxic mercury

Gold price surge helps drive deforestation

Mercury from gold mining pollutes rivers

Clean tech boosts productivity for women miners

By Dan Collyns

Illegal mining in Madre de Dios has created a landscape that resembles a desert, with craters, dead animals, and poisoned waterways.

"We can't continue to pollute and release more mercury into the atmosphere," said Victoria Condori (65), an artisanal mining concession owner on the Madre de Dios River. She employs 16 workers in an 800-hectare (1,977 acre) area.

A dozen miners, using heavy diggers, hoses with high pressure and sluices can turn 20 tons of soil in to 15 kg of black dust that contains anything between 20 g and 60 g gold within 12 hours.

Mercury is then added to the mixture by the artisanal miners in order to extract the gold. However, the toxic metal escapes into the environment, poisoning people, animals and rivers.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mercury is among the 10 most dangerous chemicals for public health. It is associated with developmental delays, cognitive impairment, kidney, lung and immune system damage, as well as developmental delay in children.

A MERCURY ALTERNATIVE

A group of female miners is now replacing mercury with gravitymetric tables (or shaking) to filter out the denser particles of gold. This technique could also increase yields, and raise prices for buyers who demand clean gold.

The Tauro Fatima Artisanal Miners' Association's (AMATAF) head, Vilma Contreras said at a roadside workshop that the tables were constantly shaking behind her.

She explained that many miners choose mercury as it is easily available and because the process takes less time.

Due to concerns about a global trade conflict triggered by President Donald Trump's tariffs, gold prices have reached a high of over $3,000 per ounce. In 2024, gold prices increased by nearly 30%.

Price spikes have prompted illegal mining in South America, and a rise of violent crime, deforestation and human trafficking.

Contreras stated that AMATAF is expanding because more women are looking for a safer environment to raise their children in and they want the possibility of higher profits by selling sustainable gold and jewelry companies like Brilliant Earth or the local Casa Collab.

CLEAN GOLD MINERS WOMEN

Madre de Dios has the highest percentage of women mining owners in Peru, at 30%.

Contreras invested in AMATAF to become a formal mining organization with 11 operations located in Madre de Dios.

Four of the concessions are Fairmined certified by the Alliance for Responsible Mining. This certification attests to the group's efforts in mining "in an environmentally responsible manner".

Contreras stated that working in the formal sector is expensive because it requires you to hire employees and pay taxes.

You must reach this level if you wish to be able to work in peace and without being bothered by anyone.

Madre de Dios women miners want to learn from you and how to extract gold with no mercury.

Condori was filming everything on her pink phone case when she spotted a gravimetric tablet in the Paolita 2 concession on the Madre de Dios River.

She said, "I am always willing to learn new things every day to improve our methods."

Isabel Chua (25), a skilled shaker table operator, added black silt, containing gold, as water filtered along the sloped vibrating surfaces separating the heavier particles of gold.

Gold dust is heated in a container with mineral salt borax until it melts. A coin-sized nugget then is placed into the bucket of water for cooling.

Pedro Ynfantes (67), the owner of a 450-hectare land concession, estimates that he can gain an additional gram of gold per day using the shaking table method as opposed to mercury.

Madre de Dios, Peru's most heavily-mined Amazon region. The region is centered on La Pampa between km 98 and 110 along the Inter-Oceanic highway, in the buffer area of the Tambopata National Reserve, which has a huge biodiverse.

Tourists flying to the regional capital Puerto Maldonado for jungle ecolodges can see the town and its surrounding wasteland in the lush green rainforest.

According to a report from the NGO Conservacion Amazonica, between 2021-2024 there were more than 1,331 mining machines and 10,924 illegal miners.

The report found that the area deforested by Madre de Dios increased by 67,000 ha in ten years, which represents 52% of total deforestation over 38 years.

France Cabanillas is the local coordinator of U.S. based non-profit Pure Earth. She said that while certain jewelry companies will pay more for gold free of mercury, women don't get anything extra when selling it locally.

Cabanillas explained that adapting to new technologies without mercury is like adopting any other relatively new practice or technique.

Local gold buyers don't pay more for gold that is free of mercury, and sustainable jewelers have difficulty flying it out the airport because there are restrictions on the transport of precious metal.

Cabanillas, however, said that the women had organized themselves and their movement was gaining momentum.

(source: Reuters)