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Research shows that policymakers ignore forest regeneration when fighting climate change
Naturally-regenerating forests are often ignored by policymakers working to curb climate change even though they hold an untapped potential to rapidly absorb planet-warming carbon from the atmosphere, scientists found in a research paper published Tuesday. The research in Nature Climate Change suggests that these so-called secondary forest, which have grown back after being destroyed, usually for agricultural purposes, can help the world get closer to the target of net-zero emission needed to slow down global warming. They found that young forests consisting of trees aged between two and forty years can remove up to eight-times more carbon per hectare from the air than newly planted forests. Companies are spending millions of dollars on reforestation to create carbon credits that they can then sell to industries looking to offset their greenhouse gas emission. The secondary forests are not often allowed to regenerate for long enough, to be able to improve the climate. This is because they have been cleared, or they are prey to pests and fires. In the tropics they found that only 6% reach two decades of regrowth. Nathaniel Robinson is a scientist and one of the authors of the study. He works at the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry. He said that the vulnerability of these forests "is probably due to policy loopholes." Robin Chazdon is a professor of Forest Research Institute of the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia. He was not involved with the study, but said that the refined assessment of the global mitigation potential of regrowing forest had important implications which could influence new climate policies. Last week it was revealed that a loophole within the Amazon Soy moratorium, an agreement by top grain traders around the world to not purchase soy produced on land recently deforested, allowed Brazilian farmers market soy from razed secondary forest as being deforestation free. Like many conservation policies in the world, the Moratorium protects old-growth forests, but does not protect regrown rainforests. Scientists found that in the Brazilian Amazon half of secondary forest is cleared within 8 years after regrowth. The Nature Conservancy's Susan Cook-Patton is one of the authors. She said that these secondary forests are responsible for the fastest and biggest carbon removal. She added that these forests are "just not appreciated." (Reporting and editing by Manuela Andréoni, Aurora Ellis and Stefanie Eschenbacher)
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US cities record highest temperatures in heat wave
The oppressive heatwave that has been sweeping the United States since last week is expected to reach its worst on Tuesday. National Weather Service: Temperatures are expected to reach 101 degrees Fahrenheit in Washington and Boston, breaking previous records of up to 6 degrees. Central Park in New York City could see temperatures reach 99 F (37 C), exceeding the previous high of 96. According to the NWS, there is the possibility of record heat in other parts across the Eastern U.S. including northern Georgia and the Carolinas. Bob Oravec is the lead forecaster for the National Weather Service, College Park, Maryland. He said that the Northeast is experiencing the most intense heat. Extreme heat in the Northeast is disrupting public transportation. Amtrak, a U.S. passenger rail company, has announced that it will have to reduce train speeds on Tuesday, between Washington and New York, and between Philadelphia to Harrisburg. This could cause delays. Even some tourist attractions are affected. According to the National Park Service, the Washington Monument will close on Tuesday and Thursday due to heat. Construction companies are compensating for severe weather in order to keep their workers safe. Jeff Wagner, the communications manager for Fluor Construction, told reporters that the company provided cooling stations and heavy duty water bottles to more than 2,000 workers working on an Indiana pharmaceutical project. Wagner said that "we have safety meetings each morning. But knowing this would be an extremely hot week, we talked about hydration, and making sure employees are pacing themselves." He said that workers will start their shifts one hour earlier to finish before the hot part of the day. Residents in New York City who wanted to vote in the primary elections were forced to endure the high temperatures. Alex Antzoulatis (53), an accountant from Astoria in New York, said he regretted that he didn't vote by mail. He went to the polling place in 100-degree heat because voting is his duty. "But the heat will keep many people away." Warm weather in the Plains of the U.S. and Canada has affected crops. The dryness of June in Saskatchewan, Western Canada, where canola, wheat, and pulses are grown in large quantities, has affected newly-seeded plants. Bill Prybylski of Yorkton in Saskatchewan said that recent rains came too late. The damage was partially mitigated by the smokey air caused by wildfires which prevented direct sunlight from scorching crops. Oravec, at the NWS, said that temperatures would begin to drop on Wednesday. "Like, Thursday's high temperature in New York will be forecast at 84 F and it is supposed to reach 75 F on the following Friday." (Reporting and editing by Sandra Maler; Additional reporting in New York by Maria Tsvetkova, Ed White in Winnipeg and Heather Schlitz, Chicago.
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US foreign direct investment in the first quarter of 2018 falls sharply amid uncertainty over tariffs
The Commerce Department reported on Tuesday that foreign direct investment in the U.S. dropped sharply to $52.8 billion in the first quarter from a downwardly-revised $79.9 billion during the fourth quarter 2024. This drop coincided with a high level of business uncertainty due to President Donald Trump's proposed tariff plans. As announced U.S. Manufacturing projects worth billions of dollars get underway, and Nippon Steel acquires U.S. Steel for nearly $15 billion, the data from current and future quarters will be boosted. As businesses rushed to import goods ahead of Trump's tariffs, the lower FDI inflows during the first quarter contributed to a rise in U.S. Current Account Deficit to a new record of $450 billion. Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Commerce Department also reported that the current account data of the fourth quarter has been revised and now shows a gap of $312.0 billion, not $303.9 billion. Current account data is a measure of the net flow in and out of a country of goods, investments and services. The large and persistent U.S. deficit in trade has been partially offset by foreign direct investments and investment into U.S. assets, including plant and equipment and corporate mergers and purchases. In dollar terms, the first-quarter FDI was the lowest since the fourth-quarter of 2022 when $42.4 billion inflows occurred. This period coincided with high inflation after the pandemic. Commerce Department data show that, except for this drop, quarterly FDI had risen to $61 billion since the COVID-19 epidemic eased, and reached a high of $135 billion during the third quarter 2021. Economists warn that the extreme uncertainty surrounding Trump's tariffs may paralyze business investment decisions and slow economic growth. Trump claims that his tariffs have prompted companies to invest in the U.S. so as to avoid tariffs. Capital Economics' chief North American economist, Paul Ashworth, acknowledged that there was a possibility that the uncertainty in the market could impact some investment decisions, but warned that quarterly FDI can be volatile due to specific transactions, such as mergers and acquisitions or large projects. Ashworth, a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, said that the data for the first quarter was likely noise and not indicative or anything more serious. He predicted that FDI would increase in the future as Japanese and other automakers begin to invest in U.S. manufacturing. Hyundai Motor of South Korea and Hyundai Steel announced in April that they would invest $21 billion in new U.S. manufacturing alongside Trump at the White House. The hard-fought acquisition of U.S. Steel by Nippon Steel for $14.9 billion closed last week. This will be reflected in the second quarter inflows. Ashworth said, "I'd expect FDIs to increase."
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Democratic-led States Challenge Trump's Ability to Slash Grant Funding
Democratic state attorneys filed a suit on Tuesday, asking a court to declare that the Republican administration of President Donald Trump has been using a tool to cancel federal grant funding in an illegal manner. Attorneys general from 20 states, the District of Columbia and Pennsylvania joined forces with the governor of Pennsylvania to file a lawsuit in Boston Federal Court to challenge the administration's reliance upon a regulation that the White House Budget Office adopted during Trump’s first term which strengthened the agencies' ability to cancel grant awards. The White House Office of Management and Budget, in its 2020 regulation, states that federal agencies may terminate a grant when it no longer "accomplishes the program goals or agency priority." This language has been used by the Trump administration to cancel billions in federal funding for states and non-profits, as part of their efforts to reduce federal support for a variety of projects, such as those that it considers to be supporting diversity, inclusion, and climate change preparedness. Elon Musk, the billionaire who founded the Department of Government Efficiency (DGE), a major player in Trump's campaign to cut federal spending, was responsible for the DGE. States, nonprofits, and others have brought a variety of lawsuits to challenge these grant terminations. Last week, a Boston judge sided with Democratic states and declared that the termination of hundreds of grant applications by the National Institutes of Health because of their perceived connection to diversity-related issues was illegal. In court, the administration argued that it was within its rights to freeze and cancel grants which did not reflect new priorities of agencies following Trump's inauguration in January. The state attorneys general, however, argue that the Trump administration can't rely on OMB regulations to overrule the laws Congress passed appropriating grant funds. Letitia J. James, New York's Attorney General, said that Congress has the power to fund programs. The president can't cut billions of dollar of funding just because he does not like them. According to them, the regulations only allow agencies to terminate grants if additional evidence shows that it is ineffective for achieving program objectives. They asked the judge to declare that the rule prohibits termination of grants based on newly identified agency priorities after the grant has been awarded. The White House has not responded to a comment request. (Reporting and editing by Alexia Garamfalvi, Aurora Ellis and Nate Raymond from Boston)
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US cities record highest temperatures in heat wave
The oppressive heatwave that has been sweeping the United States since last week is expected to reach its worst on Tuesday. National Weather Service: Temperatures are expected to reach 101 degrees Fahrenheit in Washington and Boston, breaking previous records of up to 6 degrees. Central Park in New York City could see temperatures reach a record high of 99 F (37 C), exceeding the previous area high of 96. According to the NWS, there is the possibility of record heat in other parts across the Eastern U.S. including northern Georgia and the Carolinas. Bob Oravec is the lead forecaster for the National Weather Service, College Park, Maryland. He said that the Northeast is experiencing the most intense heat. Extreme heat in the Northeast is disrupting public transportation. Amtrak, the U.S. passenger rail company, has announced that it will have to reduce train speeds on Tuesday, between Washington and New York, and between Philadelphia to Harrisburg. This could cause delays. Construction companies are compensating for severe weather in order to keep their workers safe. Jeff Wagner, the communications manager for Fluor Construction, told reporters that the company provided cooling stations and heavy duty water bottles to more than 2,000 workers working on an Indiana pharmaceutical project. Wagner said that "we have safety meetings each morning. But knowing that this week was going to be exceptionally hot, we talked about hydration, and making sure employees are pacing themselves." Residents in New York City who wanted to vote in the primary elections were forced to endure scorching temperatures. Alex Antzoulatis (53), an accountant from Astoria in New York, said he regretted that he didn't vote by mail. He went to the polling place in 100-F heat because voting is his duty. "But the heat will keep many people away." Warm weather in the Plains of the U.S. and Canada has affected crops. The dry weather in June in Saskatchewan, Western Canada, where canola, wheat, and pulses are grown in large quantities, has affected newly-seeded plants. Bill Prybylski of Yorkton in Saskatchewan said that recent rains came too late. The damage was partially mitigated by the smokey air caused by wildfires which prevented direct sunlight from scorching crops. Oravec, at the NWS, said that temperatures would begin to drop on Wednesday. "For example, the forecast for Thursday in New York calls for a high of 84 F and Friday is 75 F." (Reporting and editing by Sandra Maler; Additional reporting in New York by Maria Tsvetkova, Ed White in Winnipeg and Heather Schlitz, Chicago.
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After Israel-Iran truce, UK midcaps are lifted by travel stocks
Travel stocks led the UK's midcaps on Tuesday as investors were encouraged by signs of eased tensions in Middle East, and a positive forecast from Carnival Cruise Lines. The domestically oriented FTSE 250 rose 1%, reaching a record high of more than a week. Carnival's UK listed shares rose 11.8%, outpacing gains in the midcap index. raised Its annual profit forecast was higher than expected and it beat the second-quarter earnings estimate. The FTSE 350 Travel & Leisure index rose 3.6% after U.S. president Donald Trump announced Israel and Iran reached a 12-day-old ceasefire. Both sides accuse each other Violations The truce was declared on Tuesday. There was relief, however, that a way out of the war had been mapped out. Prices of oil fell 5% as the expectation that the ceasefire would reduce the risk for disruptions in the supply of crude oil. BP and Shell, two British oil companies, fell by 4.8% and 3.8% respectively, weighing on the FTSE 100. The exporter-heavy Index closed flat. It was also affected by the 0.6% increase in the Pound. Data from Kantar, a market research firm, showed that the inflation rate for British groceries rose to 4,7% in the four weeks ending June 15, reaching its highest level since last February. This is a blow to low-income households. Andrew Bailey, Governor of the Bank of England, said that there are now signs of a softening of Britain's labor market. He also reiterated his belief that interest rates will continue to fall. This month, the BoE held interest rates at 4.25%. The markets are pricing in that the central banks will reduce borrowing costs by approximately 50 basis points before the end of the year. SThree, among other stocks, rose 7.4%, after the recruiter reported that improving contractual hiring on the U.S., its second largest market, helped slow down a decline in fees and maintain its profit target. Reporting by Twesha Dhikshit and Sruthi Shankar; Editing and production by Shailesh Kuber and Joe Bavier
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Britain, Kenya and Singapore lead a campaign to increase company demand for carbon credits
Britain, Kenya, and Singapore launched a coalition to encourage companies to purchase carbon credits. The guidelines are aimed at buyers. Carbon market experts describe this as the strongest policy support for such markets yet. Carbon market proponents have been trying to create a market to buy and sell credits that companies can use to offset their emission for decades. Corporate buyers are still hesitant despite the fact that nations agreed on a U.N. backed system at the COP29 conference in Baku. On Tuesday, Britain, France Kenya, Singapore, and Panama announced their intention to reach an agreement on a set of basic principles for business by the COP30 conference in Brazil, in November. This is to encourage demand for a new product that can channel billions in climate finance into countries in need. Ravi Menon is Singapore's Ambassador for Climate Action and one of the first signatories of the coalition. He said that carbon markets were a key lever to unlocking climate action but that buyers lack confidence in the market due to evidence of malpractices at certain projects. He said that the challenge was on the demand-side. Corporates are less willing to purchase credits because of risks associated with greenwashing. Bill Winters said that in the absence of taxation or government regulation, companies must have a reason for "doing the right thing." He said, "Our owners no longer want us to be involved in anything which doesn't generate money." "We must reestablish a virtuous cycle that does not work today." The rules for the use of carbon credits by companies are still not clearly defined. Even the main arbiter in corporate climate action is still consulting about how to use them. Menon said, "Standard setting bodies have done an excellent job. But there is nothing like government." According to Abatable data, the total number of credit cards used annually by buyers has remained around 160 million, even though the number has decreased. Kerry McCarthy, Britain’s climate minister, stated that the coalition wants to send "strong signals" on businesses' use of carbon credits.
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Former US nuclear regulators condemn Trump's firing NRC commissioner
On Tuesday, nearly 30 former employees and officials at the U.S. Nuclear Power Regulator criticized President Donald Trump for firing a commissioner from the independent agency. They said that the action placed politics above safety and public health. Why it's Important The firing of Chris Hanson this month, a Democrat at the five member Nuclear Regulatory Commission, followed Trump's Executive Orders on accelerating the Agency's reactor approvals, as artificial intelligence (AI) and data centers are driving the first increase in U.S. energy demand in 20 years. These orders also included efforts to restructure NRC and evaluate its staffing levels. Experts in nuclear power are opposing the efforts of the administration to increase its political influence on the commission. In recent decades, the nuclear industry has experienced several accidents including Three Mile Island (1979). The NRC is evaluating a variety of designs of new types of nuclear reactors, which supporters claim are safe. KEY QUOTES The authors of the letter sent to the remaining four NRC commissioners as well as to legislators said that "succumbing" to politics and giving up the NRC's autonomy would only decrease the effectiveness of nuclear regulations in the United States and around the globe, and increase the risk of an expensive accident. The signees of the letter, which included Stephen Burns, former NRC Chairman, wrote: "This action threatens the independence of NRC, as it raises a spectre of political considerations having greater weight than the public health and safety." Edwin Lyman, of the Union of Concerned Scientists said: "The Trump Administration's brazen effort to assume total control of NRC is irreparably harming the agency's reputation as a regulator both at home and abroad and poses a grave threat to public security and safety." REACTION Harrison Fields, White House spokesperson, said that Trump was "committed" to modernizing nuclear regulation, streamlining regulatory obstacles, and reforming Nuclear Regulatory Commission, while prioritizing both safety and resilience. The NRC didn't immediately respond to our request for a comment. (Reporting and Editing by Marguerita Chy)
Document shows that India has advanced hydro-projects in Kashmir after terminating the pact with Pakistan
According to a government and industry source, India has accelerated the start of four hydropower projects under construction in the Kashmir area by several months. This is after it suspended a water-sharing agreement with Pakistan which had slowed down progress.
The Indian government is using the unilateral suspension of Indus Waters treaty 1960, which it unilaterally imposed following the deadly attack on Kashmir last month, to try and take advantage of this.
India said that two of the "terrorists", who killed 26 men in a popular tourist spot in Kashmir on the 22nd of April, were from Pakistan. It has also taken a number of diplomatic and financial steps against Islamabad at a time when relations between the nuclear-armed neighbors are deteriorating.
Islamabad denied involvement in the attack and threatened legal action for the suspension. It also said that any attempt to divert or stop the flow of water to Pakistan would be viewed as an act war. Pakistan relies on the Indus System for 80% its farms and for most of its output in hydroelectricity.
Since nearly two weeks, the armies have been exchanging small arms fire along the border. Pakistan claims that India is about to launch a military attack.
New Delhi, despite Pakistan's threats, has taken steps to reduce water supplies to Pakistan.
The document was an undated list compiled by the Power Ministry and reviewed by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government.
Pakal Dul (1 000 MW), Kiru (620 MW), Kwar (560 MW) et Ratle (850MW) are the four projects. The four projects are located on the Chenab River. Although its waters are intended for Pakistan, India has been allowed to build hydroelectric projects that use run-of water without significant storage.
All the projects are being built by NHPC (India's largest hydropower company), a state-owned corporation. The document states that they are scheduled to begin between June 2026 - August 2028.
The document states that various agencies, such as those focusing on law enforcement and labor supply, were asked to speed up work.
NHPC, the Indian Ministries of Power, Water Resources and Foreign Affairs did not respond immediately to requests for comments.
Indus River Authority officials in Pakistan held a Monday meeting and "noted unanimously with concern that a sudden reduction in River Chenab flows at Marala, (the headworks which regulates flow), due to a short supply from India, would result in further shortages" of summer crops.
The authority announced in a late-Monday statement that it would use downstream reservoirs "in light of the crisis created by Indian shortages in the Chenab River".
"PLANS FOR MORE"
Last month, India's Water Minister vowed to "ensure that no drop of water from the Indus River reaches Pakistan".
According to a source in the Indian industry, there have been several meetings between officials of various government and private agencies and the power ministry over the last week regarding projects in Jammu & Kashmir.
The source declined to identify herself because the matter was sensitive. "In general, government orders to speed up existing projects such as this means that it wants to plan new ones," she said.
India is requesting that seven projects, with a combined power of 7 gigawatts and a cost of 400 billion rupees ($4.73 billion), be expedited. Could not identify all of the projects.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague has already heard a dispute between Pakistan and India over Ratle. The dispute concerns the small pondage or water storage area as well as the turbine design.
New Delhi was required by the water treaty to provide Islamabad with extensive details about projects on three Indus Rivers that were meant for Pakistan, the Indus, the Chenab, and the Jhelum. Modi's Government has sought a modification to the water treaty, citing India's growing population and the need for cleaner forms of power like hydropower.
Officials and experts from both countries had stated that India could not stop the flow of water immediately because the treaty only allowed them to build plants without the need for large storage dams. However, a Pakistani official claimed the Chenab River had already seen a drastic drop in flows.
Muhammad Khalid Idrees Rana told Bloomberg News that the flow of water has dropped by 90% since Sunday.
Sources at Pakistan's Indus Authority said that the Chenab flow has been wildly fluctuating since Sunday. On Sunday, water was flowing at Marala Headworks at 31,000 cusecs. It then dropped to 3,100 on Monday and is now up to 25,000.
Source: "The changes in water supply are due to India's (some hydro) projects," said the source. They can stop the water, then dump it. These variations are not large enough to cause significant damage, but they have an impact on the canals.
(source: Reuters)