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India's proposed landmark nuclear law would end the state monopoly on nuclear power and allow private sector operators

India took steps on Monday to end decades-long state control of nuclear power by introducing a bill into parliament that would allow for private companies to 'build and operate' plants. The government is aiming to make atomic energy central to its push to promote clean energy.

If the government selects foreign companies to form a joint venture, they can apply for a license.

Since 1969, when India's first reactor was put online, the sector has been closely guarded. This is due to Cold War politics and restrictions on fuel technology after its 1974 test.

The state-run Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL), which owns and operates India’s current nuclear power plants, reported last year that India was looking to invite domestic private companies such as Tata Power Adani Power and Reliance Industries?to invest around $26 billion?into the sector.

The new bill must be approved by both the lower and upper houses of the parliament in order to become law. It would allow anyone "expressly allowed by the central government to apply for a license to enter the nuclear industry". This is a significant change from the past, when only state-owned companies were able to operate reactors.

In the next 20 years, the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases plans to increase nuclear power to 100 gigawatts. This is more than 12 times its current capacity of 8.2 GW.

The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Power for Transforming India Bill, 2025, eliminates a rule that allowed operators to sue their suppliers for defective equipment, something foreign suppliers have been against for years. General Electric Co., Westinghouse Electric Co. and France's EDF are all foreign suppliers.

The bill retains compensation caps at the previous levels, doubles operator liability for large reactors up to 30 billion rupees (US$330.75m), and proposes an accident fund in line with international norms.

According to the bill, private firms will be allowed import and process Uranium. The government will continue to control strategic activities like uranium mines, nuclear fuel enrichment, and fuel reprocessing. All operators must have licenses. $1 = 90.7020 Indian Rupees (Reporting and editing by Susan Fenton; Sarita Chaganti, Singh)

(source: Reuters)