New Mexico villages still facing flooded homes and poisoned water wells after wildfire

When it rains, Victoria Lovato’s ranch in northern New Mexico is flooded by three muddy torrents. The torrents are the result of New Mexico’s largest wildfire ever that burned mountains above her property over three years ago.

This type of post-wildfire flood is making Western United States homes unlivable, and destroying infrastructure like roads and water treatment facilities. Climate change causes blazes to burn larger areas at higher temperatures.

Ranch dogs follow Lovato's GMC truck as she, Ismael, and their daughter Mia, 11, drive north through a high mountain valley that is ringed with torched trees following the Hermit's Peak - Calf Canyon Fire of 2022. Lovato, 41 points out the "nuked mountains" above her 52-acre Mora ranch, located about 64 km (40 miles) northeast of Santa Fe. Two U.S. Forest Service prescribed blazes that were mishandled started the drought-fuelled blaze. It was hot enough to melt rock and bake the soil to the consistency asphalt.

The soil is no longer able to absorb water, and there are no trees or shrubs left to slow the flow. Rain flows off the burn scars like water from a parking area, sweeping away soil and boulders with debris flows and flash floods. According to a recent study in Nature Sustainability, the number of Americans who live in areas that are exposed to wildfires has doubled in the last two decades to almost 22 million. According to a study by 2020, the area of Western forests that are burned with the intensity required to create the post-apocalyptic landscape Lovato can see from her home has increased eight-fold over the past three decades. Jason Kean, an hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, maps wildfire burn zones to assess risks of debris flows and flash floods. He worked on more than 105 fires last year, covering an area of 6 million acres. This is nearly twice as large as Connecticut. He said that because flood risks can persist for up to 10 years, the area of heavily burned land susceptible to flash flooding is growing every year.

Kean said, "You begin to accumulate a lot more vulnerable terrain." Coconino County, in northern Arizona, has slowed down or diverted flooding by creating features like alluvial fan sediment fields which act like giant sponges to soak up the water. Lucinda Andreani visited Mora, Arizona to share the lessons learned after $118 million was spent by federal, state, and local funds on watershed restoration following wildfires in the county surrounding Flagstaff.

Around a dozen residents, contractors, and activists from the community said that this type of funding and collaboration among authorities still isn't present in Mora County.

FLOODS CLAIM MUCH MORE LIFE THAN FIRE

Lovato's house survived the fire which destroyed hundreds of homes but did not cause any deaths. Since then, her valley has been inundated over twenty times. The water has flooded her outbuildings, her neighbors' homes and knocked down fences, allowing cattle to escape. It even came to her doorstep this year. In 2022, a flood drowned an automobile. A 2022 flood drowned a motorist.

According to data from the state and local governments, New Mexico has lost seven lives in the past five years due to post-wildfire floods, while five people have died in fires.

According to emergency management officials in Washington, Utah, and Colorado, no national data have been developed on deaths after wildfires and flooding. These states only launched post-wildfire disaster reduction programs within the past six years.

Collin Haffey is the head of Washington State's post-fire program. He compared the current situation to the Dust Bowl, which was a severe soil erosion that occurred in the Great Plains during the 1930s, forcing many people to migrate.

CONTAMINATED WEELLS

According to County Commissioner Veronica Serna, dozens have been abandoned in Mora County - one of the most impoverished counties in the United States - due to a mold infestation after flooding. According to a study conducted by Zeigler Geologic Consulting in October, toxic heavy metals were washed into wells as a result of flash flooding. The company analyzes the groundwater quality in Mora County. Lovato is among the residents who say it's become harder to get assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency after President Donald Trump started dismantling that agency and cutting grants and jobs at other federal offices. FEMA officials did not respond when asked for comments.

According to local officials and businesspeople, the misery of repeated flooding has forced dozens of families and companies out of Mora County and San Miguel County with a combined total population of around 30,000. New Mexico Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management announced that it is working with U.S. Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service in order to identify funding for restoration of watersheds. The state agency announced that it had launched a survey to identify areas of high risk and was developing potential projects for those areas.

Requests for comments were not immediately responded to by the NRCS or USFS.

George Trujillo, chair of the Mora County commission, said that the county is focused on a plan worth $41 million to repair roads. He said that the USFS (which manages burned land in and around Mora) and private landowners needed to restore mountain watersheds for valley flooding to stop.

Trujillo said that it would be a waste of time to fix the floodwater in the bottom, if the top parcels were not fixed.

Lovato, standing by a culvert which becomes a giant fire hydrant during a rainstorm, is frustrated that county officials paved the dirt road this summer rather than work on restoring its watershed.

She said, "We want to find a real solution." (Reporting and editing by Donna Bryson, Aurora Ellis and Andrew Hay from New Mexico)

(source: Reuters)