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Why do multilateral banks face pressure to reform their policies? ?

World Bank and multilateral development bank (MDB) are being pressured to provide more assistance to poor countries that are suffering from energy crises and climate disasters. What you should know is:

What are Development Banks and what do they do?

These banks, which can be either domestic or international, are funded primarily by national budgets and help to tackle development challenges with technical assistance grants and low cost loans.

Some banks may have a singular goal in mind, like subsidizing housing for farmers or helping them through difficult times. Many international or "multilateral" development banks, such as the World Bank and African Development Bank, have broad mandates that include reducing poverty or driving economic progress.

These banks, with their high credit ratings can offer better loan terms and take a longer-term view of investment potential. This is especially important for countries in developing regions that have less access to the capital markets.

Why are they being asked to reform?

The countries are essentially asking the MDBs for more funding and to move faster to assist countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preparing for rising sea levels and hotter days, and addressing other challenges associated with a warmer climate.

MDBs are key players in the distribution of climate finance, especially for projects that have no clear return on investment other than saving lives.

These banks have not moved as much money as experts at the U.N. say is necessary. MDBs distributed $137 billion of climate finance last year. Nearly 40% went to wealthy countries, and only 30% was allocated to adaptation projects.

According to a U.N. Report released last week, developing countries will need $310 billion for just adaptation by 2035. Experts estimate that the annual bill for all climate finance will be in the trillions of dollars, including clean energy initiatives to reduce carbon emissions.

The MDBs are hoping that the reforms will attract more private investments to their projects. The banks mobilized another $132 billion in private investment for climate action last year.

What is likely to happen at COP30?

The COP30 summit is going to put pressure on countries to demonstrate progress in increasing climate finance beyond the commitments made. The countries that finance these banks, and those who sit on their boards play a major role in determining the pace and direction for reform.

A group of MDBs released a statement on Monday reaffirming its commitment to "accelerate" and "scale up" their support for countries. The statement also included guidelines for attracting private money for nature investments.

Many groups have also announced new deals with developing countries. The European Investment Bank, for example, pledged $350 million on Tuesday to support women-led business and renewables within the Amazon region.

What has the World Bank done so far?

As part of the so-called Evolution Roadmap, which aims to increase lending capacity and accelerate approvals, Washington's World Bank is examining a number of changes.

Some ideas include making sustainability criteria or resilience criteria for loans, and prioritizing projects that secure essential public goods. This year, the reform efforts of the bank have been complicated by the United States' biggest shareholder. The United States has pushed back against the bank's mandate including climate action as well as calls for a focus on poverty reduction and development. (Reporting and editing by Katy Daigle, David Gregorio, and Simon Jessop)

(source: Reuters)