Latest News

As solar capacity grows, some of America's the majority of productive farmland is at threat

Dave Duttlinger's very first thought when he saw a thick band of yellowishbrown dust smearing the sky above his Indiana farm was: I cautioned them this would occur.

About 445 acres of his fields near Wheatfield, Indiana, are covered in photovoltaic panels and associated equipment-- land that in April 2019 Duttlinger leased to Dunns Bridge Solar LLC, for one of the biggest solar advancements in the Midwest.

On that blustery spring afternoon in 2022, Duttlinger stated, his phone sounded with concerns from disappointed next-door neighbors: Why is dust from your farm inside my truck? Inside my home? Who must I contact us to clean it up?

According to Duttlinger's solar lease, examined , Dunns Bridge stated it would utilize commercially reasonable efforts to lessen any damage to and disturbance of growing crops and crop land caused by its building activities outside the project website and not get rid of topsoil from the property itself. Still, sub-contractors graded Duttlinger's fields to help the structure of roads and installation of posts and panels, he said, despite his warnings that it might make the land more susceptible to disintegration.

Crews reshaped the landscape, spreading great sand across large stretches of rich topsoil, Duttlinger said. When visited his farm last year and this spring, much of the land beneath the panels was covered in yellow-brown sand, where no plants grew.

I'll never ever be able to grow anything on that field again, the farmer stated. About one-third of his roughly 1,200-acre farm-- where his family grows corn, soybeans and alfalfa for livestock-- has been rented.

The Dunns Bridge Solar project is a subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources LLC, the world's biggest generator of eco-friendly energy from wind and solar. Duttlinger stated when he approached NextEra about the damage to his land, the company stated it would evaluate any restorative work needed at the end of its agreement in 2073, based on the terms of the arrangement.

NextEra declined to talk about the matter or on what future dedications it made to Duttlinger, and could not independently validate them. Job designer Orion Renewable Energy Group LLC directed concerns to NextEra.

The solar market is pushing into the U.S. Midwest, drawn by less expensive land rents, access to electric transmission, and a. wealth of federal and state rewards. The region likewise has what. solar needs: wide-open fields.

A renewable resource boom runs the risk of damaging some of America's. richest soils in essential farming states like Indiana, according to a. analysis of federal, state and local information; numerous. pages of court records; and interviews with more than 100 energy. and soil researchers, agricultural economic experts, farmers and. farmland owners, and regional, state and federal lawmakers.

Some of Duttlinger's farm, consisting of parts now covered in. solar panels, is on land categorized by the U.S. Department of. Farming (USDA) as the most productive for growing crops,. according to a analysis.

For landowners like Duttlinger, the guarantee of profits is. appealing. Solar leases in Indiana and surrounding states can. provide $900 to $1,500 an acre per year in land rents, with yearly. rate increases, according to a evaluation of solar leases. and interviews with four solar project designers. In. contrast, farmland lease in top corn and soybean manufacturers. Indiana, Illinois and Iowa balanced about $251 per acre in 2023,. USDA information shows.

Farmland Partners Inc, an openly traded farmland real. estate financial investment trust (REIT) has actually leased about 9,000 acres. nationwide to solar companies. Much of that ground is highly. productive, said Executive Chairman Paul Pittman.

Do I believe it's the very best usage of that land? Probably not. However our investors would kill us if we didn't pursue this, he. stated.

Some renewable energy designers said not all leases become. solar projects. Some are designing their sites to make it. possible to grow crops between panels, while others, like Doral. Renewables LLC, said they utilize animals to graze around the. panels as part of their land management. Designers likewise argue. that in the Midwest, where more than one-third of the U.S. corn. crop is used for ethanol production, solar power is key for. powering future electric automobiles.

Some farming economists and agronomists counter that. taking even percentages of the very best cropland out of production. for solar advancement and destructive important topsoil effects. future crop potential in the United States.

Typical solar farm construction practices, consisting of cleaning. and grading large sections of land, likewise can lead to considerable. disintegration and major overflow of sediment into waterways without. proper remediation, according to the U.S. Environmental. Defense Company and the Justice Department.

Solar development comes in the middle of increasing competitors for. land: In 2023, there were 76.2 million - or nearly 8% - fewer. acres in farms than in 1997, USDA information shows, as farmland is. converted for domestic, commercial and industrial use.

In reaction to ' findings, USDA said that city. sprawl and development are presently bigger contributors to. farmland loss than solar, citing reports from the Department of. Energy and agency-funded research.

BUILDING ON PRIME CROPLAND

No one knows just how much cropland nationwide is presently under. solar panels or leased for possible future development. Land. offers are normally personal transactions. Scientists at the. United States Geological Study and the U.S. Department of. Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Lab have actually been. putting together a database of existing solar centers throughout the. country. While that task is incomplete and continuous, . discovered that around 0.02% of all cropland in the continental U.S. intersected in some method with large-scale, ground-based solar. panel sites they had actually recognized since 2021.

The overall power capability of the solar operations tracked in. the information set represents over 60 gigawatts of electrical power. capability. In the following 2 years, solar capacity has nearly. tripled, according to a Dec. 2023 report from the Solar power. Industries Association (SEIA) and Wood Mackenzie.

To much better understand future land-use patterns, . evaluated federal government data to recognize cropland that USDA. classified as prime, special, or of regional or statewide. significance. likewise reviewed more than 2,000 pages of. solar-related files filed at regional county recorders' offices. in a small sample of four Midwestern counties-- Pulaski, Starke. and Jasper counties in Indiana, and Columbia County in. Wisconsin.

The counties, representing a location of land somewhat larger. than the state of Delaware, are where a few of the nation's. largest jobs are being developed or built. The sample is not. necessarily representative of the broader United States but. provides a concept of the prospective impact of solar projects in. farm-heavy counties.

discovered the percentage of these counties' many. efficient cropland secured by solar and energy business as of. end of 2022 was as follows: 12% in Pulaski, 9% in Starke, 4% in. Jasper and 5% in Columbia.

Jerry Hatfield, previous director of USDA Agricultural. Research Service's National Lab for Farming and the. Environment, said ' findings in the four counties are. worrying.

It's not the number of acres converting to solar, he said. It's the quality of the land coming out of production, and what. that suggests for regional economies, state economies and the. nation's future abilities for crop production.

More than a dozen agronomists, in addition to renewable energy. researchers and other specialists sought advice from , stated the. technique to determining solar's impact was fair. The news company. also shared its findings with six solar developers and energy. firms operating in these counties. Three said ' sample size. was too small, and the variety of findings too broad, to be a fair. representation of industry siting and building and construction practices.

By 2050, to satisfy the Biden Administration's decarbonization. targets, the U.S. will need approximately 1,570 gigawatts of electrical. energy capability from solar.

While the land needed for ground-based solar advancement to. achieve this goal will not be even by state, it is not expected to. go beyond 5% of any state's acreage, other than the smallest state of. Rhode Island, where it could reach 6.5%, by 2050, according to. the Energy Department's Solar Futures Study, released in 2021.

Scientists at American Farmland Trust, a non-profit. farmland defense company which champs what it calls. Smart Solar, anticipated in 2015 that 83% of brand-new solar power. development in the U.S. will be on farm and ranchland, unless. existing federal government policies changed. Nearly half would be on the. country's finest land for producing food, fiber, and other crops,. they alerted.

FUEL ARGUMENT

Five renewable designers and solar energy companies interviewed. counter that the market's use of farmland is too. small to impact domestic food production in general and should be. stabilized with the requirement to decarbonize the U.S. energy market in. the face of climate change.

Doral Renewables, the designer behind the $1.5 billion. Mammoth Solar job in Pulaski and Starke counties, does not. think about corn or soybean yields in its siting decisions.

Instead, the company looks at the land's topography, zoning. and closeness to an electrical grid or substation-- and tries to. prevent wooded locations, ditches and environmentally sensitive locations,. said Nick Cohen, Doral's president and CEO.

Moving corn acres for solar? I do not see it as changing. something that is vital to our society, Cohen stated. Solar can. make farmland more efficient from an economic perspective, he. added.

Indiana farmer Standard Welker says he got a much better deal leasing. 60% of his farmland to Mammoth than he would have growing corn,. with rates dipping to three-year lows this year.

We have actually got mounds of corn, we're listed below the expense of. production, and today, if you're leasing land to grow corn--. you're losing cash, Welker said. This way, my financial. circumstances are very good..

(source: Reuters)