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Ecuadorean legislators pass a reform to encourage mining investment

The National Assembly of Ecuador approved on Thursday reforms proposed by President Daniel Noboa to boost the nation's mining sector. However, environmentalists and indigenous groups have criticized these reforms.

Changes include modifications to the environmental permitting process, as part of an attempt to attract investment into an industry that is struggling to gain traction. Reforms were passed by 77 votes for, 70 votes against and 4 abstentions. The most important change is the replacement of the existing environmental license by a more comprehensive "environmental authorization" to allow mining. The approval could take one of three forms, depending on the risk involved: a full licence, an environmental register, or an "environmental certificate". Officials say that the latter two options are more streamlined for projects with lower impacts, and can eliminate administrative obstacles which have traditionally delayed investment. Officials say that the fuller license is still applicable to?higher-impact projects. The development of large-scale mining in Ecuador is being hampered due to opposition from local communities and legal issues. Fruta del norte and Mirador copper mines, both in operation since 2019, are the two largest operations currently.

Reforms are also aimed at establishing a protected mining zone, which would place troops in areas that were threatened by illegal mining operations and criminal gangs. These changes will also formalize small-scale "artisanal" miners.

Ecuador's Environment and Energy Minister Ines Mánzano has said that the country has identified approximately 400 illegal mining sites across the nation.

Environmentalists and indigenous groups have criticised the reforms. They argue that the replacement of the environmental licence weakens the state's environmental?controls. They say that the changes may also weaken the right of 'communities to prior consultation.

In a press statement issued before the vote, the indigenous group Ecuarunari stated that "they want to legislate for large transnational mining corporations and against the country. This is especially against the environment as well as the rights of the communities."

The reforms include changes that will open up the electricity sector for private investment. Reporting by Alexandra Valencia, Brendan O'Boyle and Daina Beth Solon

(source: Reuters)