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Environmental plastics may cause cardiac risk, suggests study

In a small study, we also describe an experimental vaccine that prevented pancreatic carcinoma in people with high genetic risks.

Higher levels of plastic in blood linked with heart attacks

A small Italian study suggests that heart attack survivors have higher levels in their blood of tiny plastic particles compared to those who never had a heart attack and people whose blood vessels supply the 'heart' are normal.

Researchers say that the study of 61 subjects adds to the growing evidence that environmental pollutants may affect cardiovascular health.

According to a study published in the European Heart Journal, micro- and nanoplastics have been detected in 84% heart attack survivors.

Patients with heart attacks had more plastic types in the blood. Polyethylene was the most common plastic type, and is used widely in consumer goods and packaging.

Researchers also collected information on the smoker status of the patients and the pollution exposure they had experienced in the previous two years. Smokers and patients exposed to high levels of pollution over a long period were more likely than others to have microplastics present in their blood.

Those who smoke or are exposed to high levels of air pollutants have plastics in their blood. Only 12.5% of those patients do not smoke and did not experience higher levels of pollution.

In a press release, Professor Emanuele Barato, from Sapienza University of Rome, and Sant'Andrea University Hospital, said that the findings "do not prove" that microplastics are responsible for heart attacks. However, they do reveal a strong link between microplastics and cardiovascular disease.

The accompanying editorial states that while cardiovascular effects from plastic exposure have been largely speculative up until recently, new clinical evidence has shown that plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream and accumulate in the vascular tissue, while laboratory experiments indicate that they trigger mechanisms that cause vascular injury.

The editorial concludes that "despite substantial uncertainties, the convergence between epidemiological, medical, and mechanistic data suggests that plastic contamination may represent an underestimated cardiovascular risk factor."

PANCREATIC CANCER VACINE PROMISING AT EARLY STAGE TRIAL

Researchers report that an experimental vaccine targeting the most common genetic driver of pancreatic carcinoma prevented the cancer in high-risk individuals from developing the disease in a trial.

Cancer Discovery reported that the study was believed to be a first-inhuman demonstration of a vaccine targeting KRAS mutations being able to safely generate lasting immune response.

KRAS mutations can be found in the majority of pancreatic cancers as well as pre-cancerous lesions. Researchers at John Hopkins University are developing a vaccine called mKRAS VAX that will cause the immune system recognize and destroy cells with any of six mutations.

Twenty participants with a high genetic risk of pancreatic cancer, and an abnormality in the pancreas identified by imaging, received four doses over a period of 13 weeks.

The vaccine activated immune cells in 18 participants (90%) that were capable of "recognizing and remembering KRAS mutants. The immune cells were detectable up to two years after vaccination.

After a median follow up of 16.5 month, none of the participants developed pancreatic carcinoma or a high-risk lesion that required surgical removal.

The vaccine has been found to be safe with only mild or moderate side effects. These include injection site reactions, fatigue and flu-like symptoms.

Investigators point out that the study is primarily designed to evaluate safety and immune responses and does not prove that the vaccine prevents cancer of the pancreas.

In a statement, Dr. Elizabeth Jaffee from the John Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center said: "This is only the beginning. But the findings suggest that your immune system is becoming activated."

"We still have a lot to do but this is an excellent start in the prevention of crime, something that no one thought about before."

In 2020, the?KRAS vaccination was tested on patients who underwent surgery and were at a high risk of recurrence. This study concluded that when the vaccine triggered a strong immunity response, patients were disease-free for a minimum of five years. This study was prompted by the success of 2020 testing.

Researchers have conducted a second study in which they will test the vaccine on patients who are undergoing surgery for high-risk pancreatic cysts. The researchers will be able to observe how the vaccine-induced immune cell directly affects precancerous tissue in this new study.

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(source: Reuters)