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The Philippines flood control project fails the poor

Infrastructure is key to flood control in the Philippines

Advocacy group calls out'misalignment of flood control projects'

Risk management must be 'holistic' to protect communities

By Mariejo Ramos

She said that heavy rains in Bulacan - a densely populated region north of Manila - knocked over trees and a bamboo stilt home one night in the summer.

Bulacan is one of the provinces that are most prone to flooding in the country. In the last three years, Bulacan has seen the most projects for flood control built.

The government spent over 500 billion Philippine Pesos (8.5 billion dollars) to build infrastructure, such as dykes and seawalls. It also laid down large stones called ripraps to control stormwater.

State investigations revealed that many flood-prone residents were still not protected by the state due to overpriced construction contracts, unfinished buildings and projects that did not match flood risk.

In September, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. created a commission to investigate corruption in flood-control projects after thousands of Filipinos protested on the streets of Manila to demand accountability from the government.

Dela Cruz has lived on the Angat River's banks for over 40 years. "We were disappointed when we learned how much money was being spent for flood control. We were left behind," he said.

A concrete dam releases water into the Angat reservoir when heavy rains fall to prevent overflow. This exposes downstream communities, like Dela Cruz, to riverbank erosion.

Dela Cruz said, "A state engineer told us that they would build a wall around us to protect us against disasters... But I hope the Government will act soon to prevent another major storm from hitting us."

According to studies, floods in communities on the front lines of climate change are getting worse every year. This is despite the fact that the government has allocated 1.47 trillion pesos (25.23 billion dollars) over the past 15 years for flood mitigation and control programs.

MISMATCH AND CORRUPTION

Residents of another settlement in Sipat along the Angat River were happy to see construction begin in August this year for a riverbank structure that would help prevent flooding.

They learned a month later that the project, worth 96 million pesos ($1.650 millions), had been completed by a different contractor in 2024, even though they had seen no work.

This structure is among several "ghosts" or nonexistent projects for flood control in Bulacan that were marked as completed based upon a database released by the President.

The lawmakers are looking into contractors and officials of the government who could have been involved with stealing funds intended for flood control projects which never materialized.

Oscar Gabriel, the chief of Sipat Village in Plaridel, said, "I was shocked to learn about this ghost project and felt sorry for my community."

"We were pleased that this project came our way, but were lied to and tricked."

As of early this month, the project was still unfinished.

According to a report by Pro-People Engineers and Leaders, a local non-profit that promotes equitable engineering, in Bulacan too, certain flood control projects are not aligned with the actual flood hazards.

Jose Antonio Montalban is an engineer at Propel and a public information officer. He said that there was a feeling of misalignment, and he felt the DPWH did not prioritize flood hazard zones for flood control.

Propel discovered that flood-prone areas of several towns in Bulacan were lacking in flood control infrastructure. This was based on the data of Project NOAH, the Philippines' disaster reduction and management program.

According to the group 411 of the 668 projects for flood control in Bulacan do not fall within any flood-prone areas.

Failure of Infrastructure

Montalban noted that scientific assessments are needed to assess water resources and flood hazards, such as the hydrogeographical condition of a particular area.

He claimed to have seen infrastructure built without any feasibility studies or other necessary studies.

He said that flaws in engineering and design, which are linked to corruption and lack proper planning, can lead to disasters such as the collapse of seawalls and dykes.

The burden on the communities affected by these disasters is great. The engineer explained that when a flood control system collapses, it has a severe and immediate impact on the safety of people.

In a 2022 study, architecture scholars found that the Philippines' costly flood control structures are rendered ineffective if they are not completed or maintained.

The study concluded that the best solutions for reducing the impact of flooding were non-structural.

The report suggested a mix of structural and nonstructural solutions such as improving flood warning and forecasting systems, and assessing water and land resources.

COMMUNITY BASED SOLUTIONS

Greenpeace Philippines stated that corruption in flood infrastructure "cripples the ability of millions Filipinos to survive amidst an escalating global climate crisis".

"Each year, flooding is causing more and more deaths, destruction of homes, and loss of livelihoods for millions Filipinos. Floods also resulted in massive economic losses to local governments and the national government," Greenpeace stated in a Sept. 8 statement.

Propel calls for holistic flood risk mitigation, including community consultations and natural-based solutions.

The Asian Development Bank has identified a few solutions, including restoring wetlands that absorb excess water, creating areas for water retention and revitalizing old river channels.

Propel proposes a comprehensive drainage plan to replace the Philippines "fragmented" framework for flood risk management.

Gabriel, in Sipat, said that transparency is crucial to public works.

He said that flood control infrastructure was a good idea, particularly in areas susceptible to erosion.

(source: Reuters)