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Health Rounds - According to a study, wildfires are the main source of air pollution in U.S. pregnancy.

We also share a report by cardiologists suggesting that you may (or may not) want check your waist and hip measurement, as well as a lab?study that has some encouraging news regarding brain tumor treatments.

WILDFIRES ARE THE MAIN CAUSE OF US AIR POLUTION EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY

Researchers?say that wildfires are the main source of air pollution harmful to pregnant women in the United States.

The study examined 64.5 million pregnancies between 2003 and 2019 in 48 states, analyzing the "neighborhood" exposure to tiny airborne particles of 2.5 micrometers in diameter or less that penetrate deep into the lungs.

Vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions and wildfires are the main sources of PM2.5 pollution.

The amount of smoke from wildfires has more than doubled since 2003, and the exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy has decreased significantly.

Researchers reported in Frontiers in Environmental Health that by 2019, wildfire smoke would be the leading contributor to high pollution days during pregnancy in the United States.

In 2019, wildfire air pollution was responsible for approximately 65% "exceedance" days -- when PM2.5 levels exceeded 35 micrograms per cubic meter.

Researchers have noted that wildfire smoke can cause adverse outcomes for babies.

Researchers cannot speak directly to what is happening in Europe where record heatwaves are contributing to some the worst wildfires on the continent in history.

According to Michel Boudreaux, senior author of the study from the University of Maryland, wildfire smoke, and other air pollutants, are responsible for adverse birth outcomes in the U.S. as well as Europe.

While individuals can take steps to reduce their exposure to toxins (air filtering, masking), communities and governments need to play a more active role. They should ensure that the public has access to air-purifying shelters and that schools, homes and workplaces have adequate air filters.

ABDOMINAL FIBRO PREDICTS HEART DISEASE RISK EVEN BETTER THAN BMI

Researchers say that the size of someone's midsection can be a better indicator of risk for heart disease than their body mass index.

BMI is a weight-to-height ratio that has been used to diagnose obesity and overweight, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Studies have shown, however, that visceral fat around abdominal organs is associated with chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes more than subcutaneous fat directly beneath the skin.

Researchers reported in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology that BMI doesn't account for the distribution of body fat, and that not accounting for waist circumference (or waist-to hip ratio) can lead to a misclassification of cardiovascular risk.

In a press release, Dr. Michael Blaha from Johns Hopkins University stated that individuals with normal weight but elevated central adiposity or a high waist-to hip ratio -- which means their waist was larger than their hips -- were at higher risk for most outcomes.

The team analyzed data from over 260,000 people collected in the last 20 years.

Individuals with normal or overweight weight who have a high waist circumference, and a high waist-to hip ratio are at heightened risk of fatal and non-fatal strokes and heart disease.

Obesity and low waist circumference were associated with similar outcomes as those with normal weight and low circumference.

The study was not conducted by Dr. Harlan Krumholz. He is the editor-in chief of the journal.

Krumholz stated in a press release that "this enormously important study based on data collected from hundreds of thousands of participants participating in large-scale cohorts" shows conclusively that waist circumference, and the waist-to hip ratio, provide crucial information about cardiovascular risks.

These simple measures are part of a routine cardiovascular risk assessment.

Researchers find brain-tumor vulnerability

Studies in mice indicate that after surgery for incurable brain tumors, drugs are able to cross the protective barrier of the brain and reach cancer cells likely to cause recurrence.

The surgery to remove a Glioblastoma is usually performed within days of the diagnosis. Chemotherapy and radiation are then administered four to six week later.

The delay allows some cancer cells to continue growing. The residual cancer cells are only marginally eliminated by chemotherapy, and the tumors return.

Researchers found that the blood-brain barriers were disrupted in the immediate hours following surgery and then again 48 to 72 hours later.

According to a report in Science Translational Medicine, during these periods, nanoparticles containing drugs may accumulate at the resection margin. This is where tumors most often recur.

The delivery of nanoparticles with the chemotherapy agent, doxorubicin, was increased during peak periods of blood-brain barriers disruption postoperatively. This inhibited tumor recurrence.

In a press release, Dr. Thomas Kisby of University of Manchester (UK) said that the glioblastoma surgical procedure exposes a short-term vulnerability which we can exploit.

If treatment is given during the specific window we identified, this can stop the disease before it grows back.

(source: Reuters)