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The Atacama Desert Flower in Chile could be the key to drought-tolerant crops

Scientists in Chile's Atacama desert, the world's driest, are studying a resilient, small flower. It could provide genetic clues that will help farmers adapt to the worsening droughts caused by climate change. Cistanthe longiscapa blooms in the Atacama Desert during rare rain events, creating a colorful mosaic known as the "flowering desert phenomenon". A team from Chile's Andres Bello University has been conducting genetic sequencing tests to discover the traits that enable the fuchsia colored flower to survive extreme temperatures and water scarcity in one of Earth's harshest environments. They want to transfer the drought-tolerant traits to other crops.

Ariel Orellana is the director of the Plant Biotechnology Center at the University. "We need plants capable of enduring that drought." The World Resources Institute has ranked Chile as one of the most water-stressed nations in the world. Researchers warn that extreme drought conditions will be present in Chile's fertile Central Valley by 2050, affecting agricultural exports such as wine, fruit and livestock.

Orellana said that the pata de guanaco is unique because it can switch between two types of photosynthesis. This makes it a plant model for extreme environments.

When the plant is under stress due to drought, high sunlight, or salinity it activates CAM photosynthesis, a method that conserves water. It returns to C3 photosynthesis when conditions improve.

Orellana said that "this flexibility makes it an excellent model for studying the genes that control these changes."

Cesar Pizarro Gacitua is the head of biodiversity conservation for the Atacama region, CONAF, Chile's forestry agency. He says that more research should be done to unravel the mysteries of the plant. How does it survive in extreme conditions, produce enough food and perform photosynthesis? Pizarro said. Lucinda Ell, Lucinda Gutierrez and Rodrigo Gutierrez. (Editing by Alexander Villegas, Nia Williams and Nia Williams).

(source: Reuters)