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Indian sponge iron is at a two-year high due to imports of coal and domestic shortages.

India's benchmark prices for sponge iron surged to a two-year peak in August, as traders and analysts reported that the cost of production increased due to higher import coal prices and tighter domestic fuel supplies.

India is the 'world's largest producer of sponge iron, with 336 plants producing about 50 million tons. This material is mainly used by secondary steel producers as a raw materials.

Traders say that the steel and sponge-iron sector, which accounts for 40% of India's coal imports, is India's largest consumer.

According to iEnergy Natural Resources, a coal dealer based in Gujarat, India's thermal coke imports by steel and sponge iron manufacturers fell 19% in India in July, after falling 11% in June.

The Middle East tensions have pushed bunker costs and insurance costs to multi-year heights, increasing landed cost into India, said Vasudev Pamnani, director of the trader.

Pamnani said that despite low inventories, higher costs have discouraged sponge iron manufacturers from stockpiling their coal.

Since long, the industry has 'preferred' imported coal and uses domestic coal as a replacement. Since May, however, domestic coal supplies have been limited as the priority was given to the power sector due to higher electricity demand in the summer.

Fuel inventories in several power generators are at critical low levels due to the seasonal monsoon rains that have caused disruptions to coal supply from mines and railway transport.

Rahul Mittal is the chairman of Sponge Iron Manufacturers Association.

The sponge iron industry uses coal from South Africa.

According to traders, several Asian countries, including Vietnam and South Korea are turning to South African coal in order to meet a higher demand for power.

The price of coal has increased across all key markets due to the higher demand.

Since May, the price of coal in Indonesia has risen by 18%-20%. Prices for coal in Russia and South Africa have also risen by 14% and 19.9%, respectively.

Mittal said Indian coal would be the replacement, but monsoon rainfalls slowed down dispatches and pushed up prices. He added that the demand for sponge iron is still 'robust'.

BigMint, a commodities consultancy, says that the benchmark Indian sponge iron price rose to a new two-year high in August of 29,700 rupees (US$313) per ton. Analysts and the industry anticipate that prices will remain high for at least a couple more months.

(source: Reuters)